Abstract. This study examines the relationships between financial distress and financial ratio (liquidity, leverage, profitability, firm's performance, and dividend) among public listed companies, using the Altman Z-Score to determine the financial distress levels among public listed companies in Malaysia. Five-year data has been collected (2010 to 2014) from the annual financial statements and from Data Stream of public listed companies in Malaysia. The findings indicate significant relationships between liquidity, leverage, profitability, firm's performance, and dividend with the financial distress levels among the companies in question. This study also examines the interaction effects of financial ratios and the year after implementation of the Malaysian Code on Soheil Kazemian, Noor Shauri, Zuraidah Sanusi, Amrizah Kamaluddin, Shuhaida Shuhdan Monitoring mechanisms and financial distress of public listed companies in Malaysia 93Corporate Governance (MCCG) in 2012 on financial distress levels. The results suggest that only liquidity and firm's performance have stronger effects on financial distress levels in two years after MCCG implementation. This indicates that after the implementation of the Code, liquidity and firms' performance ratios had strong and significant effect on financial distress levels. Overall, this study could help investors, creditors as well as external regulators in monitoring companies from being classified as financially distressed companies.

Education 4.0 will be shaped by innovations and will indeed have to train students to produce innovations. However, in developing a world-class education system which produced a creative and excellent human capital, the weak productivity growth demonstrates the current reality that most of the countries still lack of creativity and innovative as reflected in the stagnant contribution by total factor productivity and education to output growth. Innovative work behaviour can be defined as intentional creation, introduction, and application of new ideas within a work role, in order to benefit the individual or organizational performance. Thus, teachers who have innovative work behaviour are teachers who are able to work creatively, contribute the idea and able to provide positive outcomes for the school where they work. From previous research studies, determinants or antecedents of innovative work behaviour are varying. Those predictors are job commitment, facilities, job autonomy, job insecurity, rewards, and job designs. However, most of the previous literature has believed about job commitment and job autonomy were strong affecting innovative work behaviour. Therefore, this paper aimed to develop a conceptual framework on determinants of innovative work behaviour among school teachers to fill a knowledge gap related to innovative work behaviour in educational institution whose responsible in designed to provide valuable and useful knowledge to students. This paper was explored through critical related literature analysis. The paper concludes that job autonomy and job commitment have a positive impact in creating the essential conditions to encourage teachers to show innovative work behaviour in schools. It is believed that this paper will provide relevant information on innovative work behaviour that would help the government to develop an effective educational reform to benefit its citizens.

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Past literature has increasingly highlighted the importance of understanding people's emotional responses towards the characteristics of everything that has points of interactions with the people. Ever since it was introduced, research relating the emotional responses to the economic power of industrial products, hospitality services, as well as employees' or peoples' productivity has been expanding. This paper presents a model called Lokman's Emotion and Importance Quadrant (LEIQ)™, which was built based on axes of emotion vs. importance, to investigate emotion and the importance of the influential factors of the emotion. The paper presents two case studies; i) Employee's Happiness, ii) Student's Well-being, with the implementation of LEIQ™ to showcase the process to discover the indicators that affect people's emotion, and its importance to the people in the effort to provide information to the leaders or management advocates for their strategic decision-making in ensuring well-being and Quality of Life (QoL). Both case studies have enabled the research to understand factors that affect Employee's Happiness and Student's Well-being, and how it is important to them. The effective use of this model could facilitate decision makers in an organisation, community, society, and even a nation at large to gain knowledge and devise correct strategies to boost people's well-being, promoting more positive emotion, and ultimately upsurge productivity and QoL of the people.