The objective of this work is to investigate and compare the impact of forward, backward and bidirectional pumping methods in repeater less distributed Raman fiber amplifier system and to analyze its benefits in long haul optical communication links. The effect of different pump wavelengths and pump powers are also analyzed. By adjusting the forward pump power as well as backward pump powers carefully, the transmission performance can be improved. The pump power ratio is adjusted to 20% so that the degradation of signal due to non-linear effect is reduced. The distributed gain and pump penetration depth for different pump power ratios are also examined. A comparison of different pumping methods reveals that bidirectional pumping gives the optimum performance in terms of higher gain and lower noise figure when compared to single pumps and unidirectional pumping. Low pump power ratios lead to better transmission performance than higher pump ratios due to lesser non-linear effects. The simulation results indicate that signal power evolution decreases with the increase in length of the fiber. It is also found that the pump power is more relevant during the first 50 km of the distributed fiber line and it decreases as it goes beyond 100 km. By choosing the optimum pumping methods and number of pumps, Raman Amplifiers can be used in almost all places where optical amplifiers are required.
Here, the amplification performance of distributed Raman amplifier in a dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) system is analyzed. We aim to compare the performance of distributed Raman amplifier using different digital modulation formats accordant with the bit error rate (BER) and Q factor through simulations. The various pumping methods like forward pumping, backward pumping, and bidirectional pumping for different pump powers have been compared by varying the modulation formats.Binary phase shift Keying (BPSK), differential phase shift keying (DPSK), carrier suppressed DPSK (DPSK-CS), and quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) with RZ and NRZ are analyzed as their spectral efficiency is found to be better than OOK systems. Our simulation results indicate that the bit error rates are much lesser for Raman Amplifier systems with QPSK-NRZ modulation format having SNR improvement of almost 6 dB.
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