The study aimed to explore the role of creativity and proactive personality on management student’s entrepreneurial intention. The study also proposed entrepreneurial self-efficacy to mediate the effect of proactivity and creativity on entrepreneurial intention. The data were collected from 484 management students using a structured questionnaire which were further analysed using structural equation modelling in Amos 20.0. The results showed that entrepreneurial self-efficacy was the strongest predictor of entrepreneurial intention. Proactive personality was also found to influence entrepreneurial intention significantly, though the effect of creativity on intention was very marginal. Finally, the results of the mediation analysis (bootstrapping method) showed that the relationship between creativity and entrepreneurial intention was fully mediated by self-efficacy while the effect of proactivity on entrepreneurial intention was partially mediated. The findings of the study produced interesting and significant implications which are discussed in the article.
Polarity studies in two classes of imidazolium-based protic ionic liquids (PILs) possessing [HSO(4)](-), [HCOO](-), [CH(3)COO](-) and [CH(3)CH(2)COO](-) anions were carried out using a solvatochromic method from 298.15 to 353.15 K. For 1-methylimidazolium class of PILs, E(T)(30) was found to be independent over the entire range of temperature, while E(T)(30) was noted to decrease with a rise in temperature in the case of 1-butylimidazolium class of PILs containing [CH(3)COO](-) and [CH(3)CH(2)COO](-) anions. The E(T)(30) value decreases in both the classes upon varying the anions ([HSO(4)](-), [HCOO](-), [CH(3)COO](-) and [CH(3)CH(2)COO](-)). The E(T)(30) value is controlled by hydrogen bond acceptor basicity, β, and dipolarity/polarizability, π*. The E(T)(30) value for PILs varies inversely to the strength of the coulombic interaction between ions in PILs. Strong interactions between ions lead to lower E(T)(30) values. Unlike the poor thermal effect on E(T)(30), the Kamlet-Taft parameters i.e. α, β and π* have pronounced thermal effect in the imidazolium-based PILs. Variation in the Kamlet-Taft parameters is controlled by the stabilization of ions and the degree of proton transfer from Brønsted acid to Brønsted base.
The non-volatility, structure-tunability, and high CO 2 uptake capacity render ionic liquids (ILs) the most exciting materials for the carbon dioxide (CO 2) capture and fixation to value-added chemicals. The aim of this mini-review is to give a brief idea about the development of the potential ILs for CO 2 capture, the mechanism involved in the CO 2 binding and the application of ILs in the conversion of CO 2 to useful chemicals. The mechanisms and nature of interactions in between IL-CO 2 have been discussed in terms of the nature of cation, anion, presence of functional group, and the extent of interaction between the components of ILs. The fixation of CO 2 to linear and cyclic carbonates and electroreduction of CO 2 to carbon-rich fuels in ILs has been accounted in detail. At the end, future challenges in terms of commercializing the ILs for CO 2 capture and utilization technology are discussed.
Herein we report the CO2 uptake in potential deep-eutectic solvents (DESs) formed between hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs) such as monoethanolammonium chloride ([MEA·Cl]), 1-methylimidazolium chloride ([HMIM·Cl]) and tetra-n-butylammonium bromide ([TBAB]) and hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) like ethylenediamine ([EDA]), diethylenetriamine ([DETA]), tetraethylenepentamine ([TEPA]), pentaethylenehexamine ([PEHA]), 3-amino-1-propanol ([AP]) and aminomethoxypropanol ([AMP]) and analyzed the outcome in terms of the specific polarity parameters. Among various combinations of HBAs and HBDs, [MEA·Cl][EDA]-, [MEA·Cl][AP]-, [HMIM·Cl][EDA]- and [HMIM·Cl][AP] showed excellent CO2 uptake which was further improved upon increasing the mole ratio of HBA : HBD from 1 : 1 to 1 : 4. The lowest CO2 uptake in [MEA·Cl][PEHA] (12.7 wt%) and [HMIM·Cl][PEHA] (8.4 wt%) despite the highest basicity of [PEHA] infers that the basicity is not the sole criteria for guiding the CO2 uptake but, in reality, CO2 capture in a DES relies on the interplay of H-bonding interactions between each HBA and HBD. The role of HBAs in guiding CO2 uptake was more prominent with weak HBDs such as [TEPA] and [PEHA]. The speciation of absorbed CO2 into carbamate, carbonate, and bicarbonate was favorable in DES characterized by comparable hydrogen bond donor acidity (α) and hydrogen bond acceptor basicity (β) values, whereas the conversion of carbamate to carbonate/bicarbonate was observed to depend on α. The addition of water in DES resulted in lower CO2 uptake due to the decreased basicity (β).
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been receiving much attention as solvents in various areas of biochemistry because of their various beneficial properties over the volatile solvents and ILs availability in myriad variants (perhaps as many as 108) owing to the possibility of paring one cation with several anions and vice-versa as well as formulations as zwitterions. Their potential as solvents lies in their tendency to offer both directional and non-directional forces toward a solute molecule. Because of these forces, ionic liquids easily undergo intermolecular interactions with a range of polar/non-polar solutes, including biomolecules such as proteins and DNA. The interaction of genomic species in aqueous/non-aqueous states assists in unraveling their structure and functioning, which have implications in various biomedical applications. The charge density of ionic liquids renders them hydrophilic and hydrophobic, which retain intact over long-range of temperatures. Their ability in stabilizing or destabilizing the 3D-structure of a protein or the double-helical structure of DNA has been assessed superior to the water and volatile organic solvents. The aptitude of an ion in influencing the structure and stability of a native protein depends on their ranking in the Hofmeister series. However, at several instances, a reverse Hofmeister ordering of ions and specific ion-solute interaction has been observed. The capability of an ionic liquid in terms of the tendency to promote the coiling/uncoiling of DNA structure is noted to rely on the basicity, electrostatic interaction, and hydrophobicity of the ionic liquid in question. Any change in the DNA's double-helical structure reflects a change in its melting temperature (Tm), compared to a standard buffer solution. These changes in DNA structure have implications in biosensor design and targeted drug-delivery in biomedical applications. In the current review, we have attempted to highlight various aspects of ionic liquids that influence the structure and properties of proteins and DNA. In short, the review will address the issues related to the origin and strength of intermolecular interactions, the effect of structural components, their nature, and the influence of temperature, pH, and additives on them.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.