Introduction: Domestic violence against women is one of the most pervasive abuses of human rights in the world. Violence during pregnancy leads to both acute injuries and profound long-term challenges to health and wellbeing. Pregnancy provides a good opportunity for healthcare personal to screen women for domestic violence. Aim: To identify the pattern of domestic violence amongst pregnant women and to plan appropriate interventions. Settings and Design: This cross-sectional study was carried out at Primary Health Care Centre. Methods and Material: 90 pregnant women attending the ANC OPD and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data were compiled and analyzed using SPSS version 24. Percentages were calculated and Chi-square test was used wherever applicable. Results: Violence was mostly seen in the women who were married for five years (47.36%) and many among them experienced it within one year of marriage (34.28%). The most common violence faced by the women was verbal violence (44.73%), followed by financial violence (27.63%). Physical violence was experienced by 22.36% women. The Perceived risk factor for violence was mostly addiction of spouse in 26.31% of women and insufficient dowry and demand for male child in 19.73%. Conclusions: As occurrence of violence was found to be significantly associated with duration of marriage, educational status, and earning status of women asking about intimate partner violence should be a part of routine antenatal care for early detection and identification of cases, their counseling, and appropriate interventions.
Background: Unmet need is useful tool for monitoring family planning program and maternal health. Thus, reducing maternal mortality, unintended pregnancies and abortions. Use of modern contraceptives in 2017 prevented an estimated 308 million unintended pregnancies.Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among reproductive age (15-44 years) women attending general OPD in Urban health Training centre for a period of one month. Simple random sampling was used and sample size of 375 was taken. Data was analysed using SPSS software version 23.Results: Out of 375 women 85 (22.66%) were using contraceptives while 290 (77.34%) of women were not using any type of contraception. Total unmet need for spacing birth was 69 (18.4%) while for limiting birth was 98 (26.13%). Unmet need for spacing birth was highest 27 (26.21%) in age group of 20-25 years and unmet need for limiting birth was highest 10 (12.04%) in the age group of 30-35years. Educational status and socio-economic status of the women were found to be significantly associated with the unmet need. (50%) of women with no child and 24 (55.81%) women having one child had more need for spacing birth while women who had 2 children 26 (24.29%) had need for spacing and 41 (38.31%) had need for limiting births.Conclusions: The unmet need for contraception was found to be 44.53% which is much higher than the NFHS-4 data for urban Maharashtra i.e.11%. Appropriate measures should be taken for motivating couples to adopt the family planning methods specially among younger age women and economically backward groups
Background: Hypertension is a major public health problem and also major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence and severity of hypertension increases with age, and it becomes difficult to control blood pressure with increasing age particularly in women. Thus present study aims to explores the risk factors contributing for hypertension among women.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the field practice area of Rural Health Training Centre of Community Medicine Department for one month duration September to October 2017. All the women reporting to general OPD for routine visit to RHTC were included. Informed consent was obtained. The participants who were already known hypertensives and were already on medication were excluded. Total 200 subjects were included in the study. Percentages, chi-square test and P-value were calculated using Epi Info software.Results: Out of total 200 women maximum were in the age group of 40-60 years (64%) followed by (22.5%)in 60-70 years. 40% of women were found to be normotensive, 16% were in stage one 12% were in stage two and 32% were showing elevated blood pressure. Hypertension was found to be significantly associated with modifiable risk factors like BMI, physical activity, waist circumference. 66.66% of women who were obese were found to be hypertensive. 91.91% of women who had family history of hypertension were themselves hypertensive and 97 (48.5%) women who had diabetes out of them 82.47% were both diabetic as well as hypertensive.Conclusions: Screening, detection and treatment of NCDs, are key components of the response to non-communicable diseases.
Background: Sex ratio is an important sociodemographic characteristic of the country reflecting the status of its women and underlying socioeconomic and cultural patterns. PC-PNDT law is in place since so many years still sex determination is prevalent. Here not only doctors but the parents are also equally responsible for propagating this social evil as most of them are unaware about the Act and its legal implications and consequences of the declining sex ratio. Methods: Study was conducted over a period of 24 months from December 2018 to November 2018 in Immunisation OPD of a tertiary health care centre and a primary health centre with a sample size of 117 in both areas. Simple Random sampling method was used and analysis was done using SPSS software. Results: Out of 234 mothers approximately 70% were aware that pre-natal sex determination can be done. About 40% were aware that it is illegal, 30% said that ultrasonography is used for doing it, 20% said that both doctor and parents are punished under this act. Only 5% were aware about the correct punishment under this Act. Awareness regarding the place, method, legality and punishment was more among mothers of urban area as compared to rural area. Education and socioeconomic status was associated with awareness. Conclusion: Creating awareness in the general public and specifically mothers regarding the Act and consequences of its violation. Comprehensive behavioural change communication activities can be done through mass media for educating the people regarding the effect of declining sex ratio.
BACKGROUND: Sex ratio is an important social indicator measuring the status and equality of female in society. The falling sex ratio of our country is a demographic disaster that is waiting to happen and is a matter of grave concern. Perception of gender by mothers or families has long-term implications on how children are nurtured during their lives. This study was done to understand mother's preference for the gender of the child and their concerns about the same. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out using a semi-structured questionnaire. Two hundred and thirty-four mothers were interviewed. Frequencies and percentages were calculated. Pearson's Chi-square test was used to check the significance of the association. RESULTS: Study results depict that 26.47% of the mothers who were already having a male child still preferred son. Preference for son was 24.52% and 48.61% among earning mothers and nonearning mothers, respectively. Out of 206 mothers said that they would prefer male child. Reasons cited were as follows: sons carry family name forward (30.6%), having daughters leads to increased expenditure (20.9%), daughters are subjected to different problem in their lifetime mainly violence (11.7%), and sons supported their parents in old age (10.7%). CONCLUSION: Preference for male child was found to be equally prevalent in both urban and rural areas. Mothers should be educated about the effect of declining sex ratio along with financial capacity building of women and providing social security to senior citizens which was the main reason for son preference. The impact of gender imbalance on individuals, families, and on society has to be emphasized at every possible point of contact with health-care delivery system.
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