A BSTRACT Introduction: There is a continuous and increasing trend in sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide. There are severe consequences of STI especially among women practicing high-risk behavior. Control of STI among women practicing high-risk behavior is an important strategy to reduce HIV transmission. In the present study, STIs and reproductive tract infections (RTI) were assessed among bar girls in an urban metro city. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted among bar girls residing in an urban settlement from May 2018 to December 2018. 195 bar girls randomly selected from among the registered bar girls for HIV prevention services with a local NGO and willing to participate were enrolled after obtaining informed consent. They were interviewed in person and clinical examination was conducted for assessing symptoms and signs of STI and RTI. Results: The median age of women was 26 years. 45% women reported sexual activity 3–6 times/week. 49.7% women reported symptom of vaginal discharge in the preceding 3 months, 52.3% women reported pain in lower abdomen, 10.2% women complained of genital ulcer disease, 67.2% women reported itching in the genital area, and 36.4% women had complaint of dyspareunia. 90.2% women in the present study had at least one symptom of STI/RTI. Conclusion: High-risk sexual behavior of bar girls with their regular clients puts them at a higher risk of acquiring HIV/AIDS. Focused efforts need to be put in to encourage reporting of symptoms for early diagnosis and management of STI/RTIs.
BACKGROUND: Sex ratio is an important social indicator measuring the status and equality of female in society. The falling sex ratio of our country is a demographic disaster that is waiting to happen and is a matter of grave concern. Perception of gender by mothers or families has long-term implications on how children are nurtured during their lives. This study was done to understand mother's preference for the gender of the child and their concerns about the same. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out using a semi-structured questionnaire. Two hundred and thirty-four mothers were interviewed. Frequencies and percentages were calculated. Pearson's Chi-square test was used to check the significance of the association. RESULTS: Study results depict that 26.47% of the mothers who were already having a male child still preferred son. Preference for son was 24.52% and 48.61% among earning mothers and nonearning mothers, respectively. Out of 206 mothers said that they would prefer male child. Reasons cited were as follows: sons carry family name forward (30.6%), having daughters leads to increased expenditure (20.9%), daughters are subjected to different problem in their lifetime mainly violence (11.7%), and sons supported their parents in old age (10.7%). CONCLUSION: Preference for male child was found to be equally prevalent in both urban and rural areas. Mothers should be educated about the effect of declining sex ratio along with financial capacity building of women and providing social security to senior citizens which was the main reason for son preference. The impact of gender imbalance on individuals, families, and on society has to be emphasized at every possible point of contact with health-care delivery system.
Background: Health care seeking for sexually transmitted infection is frequently inadequate, particularly among female sex workers because of the low levels of awareness regarding sexual health. Correct diagnosis and treatment with health information are essential components of sexually transmitted infection (STI) services. Objective was to study demographic profile and to assess their health seeking behavior for STI and prevention services.Methods: Study was done in urban slum in Mumbai. It was cross sectional study conducted from May 2018 to December 2018.Results: The median age of women was 26 years. Majority belong to lower socio economic class, 39.4% women admitted that they took alcohol on occasions while 22% had sex with alcohol intake, 41% women were using condom during sexual activity. Only 14.5% women completed treatment who had past history of STI.Conclusions: Ensuring timely complete treatment of STI/RTI among women with high risk behavior is priority to prevent spread among general population.
Background: Adolescence is a phase during which major developments of sexuality take place. Development of sexuality is an important bio-psycho-social development, which takes an adult shape during this period. Objective: To study how adolescent girls perceive changes in their bodies during the growing period of adolescence and to study their sexual behaviour during this period. Methodology: The study was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted among adolescent girls undergoing vocational training course at the rural health center. 100 participants enrolled in the institute for the course were included. A semi-structured questionnaire was prepared with informed assent. One to one interviews were conducted maintaining privacy, Data were statistically analysed using SPSS version 23. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 16.02+/-1.2 years. We found that a prior awareness of menses is significantly related to a good feeling after menarche. About a third of the Community Health Workers (CHWs) felt shy or weird about their breast changes during adolescence and 66% were unhappy about their heights. 66% of the adolescents were practising masturbation and 38% among them were open to a physical relationship. 60% of them were not aware of medical intervention and 28% admitted to having experienced sexual assault. Conclusion: Understanding adolescent development and the factors influencing it is of utmost importance as it will help the parents to guide their children in the crossroads of adolescence. Due to incomplete knowledge, accepting bodily changes during adolescence becomes difficult. We, as public health experts, need to commit to an educative practice of support for adolescents.
Introduction: Rabies is a viral disease endemic in more than 150 countries and territories with highest exposure in Asia and Africa. It is found in all continent except Antarctica. Countries which are not at risk for travel related diseases like rabies, traveller’s going there do not seek medical advice before travelling. In parts where rabies is still a problem, treatment may be in accessible. Methodology: It was OPD based cross sectional study in Adult Vaccination Centre at tertiary care institute. From July to September 2020, the data was collected. Pretested questionnaire was assessed by interview method. Results: We found that maximum travellers 69% were in the age group less than 30 years with mean age being 26. Only 10% of traveller had history of animal bite. Among them 52% had dog bite followed by 47% cat bite while 53% had bleeding. 52% had not used any pre hospital procedure after bite. 21% had applied turmeric, 15% applied slaked lime, while 10% had washed the wound with water and soap. 31% travellers travelled to South Africa. 97% travellers have the idea that dog bite can transmit the disease. Conclusion: Rabies pre-exposure vaccination should be offered to individuals traveling regularly to international destinations and who are at high risk of exposure to potentially rabid animal attacks.
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