Many successful battery electrodes are based on 2D-layered materials. We have studied aluminiumion batteries using molybdenum dichalcogenides: MoS 2 , MoSe 2 and MoSSe as active cathode materials. The batteries showed clear discharge voltage plateaus in the ranges 1.6 -1.4 V for MoS 2 and MoSe 2 , and 0.6 -0.5 V for MoSSe. MoS 2 and MoSe 2 have similar crystal structures, interestingly we found that MoSe 2 performed better than MoS 2 . MoSSe exhibited a higher specific capacity over MoS 2 and MoSe 2 , but the energy density was lower than MoSe 2 at a current rate of 40 mA g −1 . MoSe 2 cells recorded a discharge capacity of ∼ 110 mAh g −1 with an average potential at ∼ 2.0 V. The cells were stable at 100 mA g −1 for over 200 cycles with 90% coulombic efficiency.
Four different forms of carbon: activated carbon (AC) from human hair, AC from hemp fibers, a carbon fullerene extract consisting of C60 and C70 fullerene (CFEx) and Super‐P carbon black were tested and compared as cathodes for non‐aqueous aluminium‐ion batteries (AIBs). These materials differ in their general structure, porosity and morphology. Fullerenes display a crystalline structure, whereas hemp fibers, Super‐P and hair are amorphous in nature. Of all materials, AC obtained from hair recorded the highest specific capacity after 50 cycles at 103 mAh g−1 with a Coulombic efficiency of ∼90 % at a current rate of 50 mA g−1. Both hemp fibers and Super‐P achieved their highest specific capacities at 56 mAh g−1 and 84 mAh g−1 respectively. CFEx recorded its highest capacity at 78 mAh g−1 and maintained it for 50 cycles. The cells were charged and discharged to 2.45 V and 0.2 V respectively.
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