Molybdenum Dichalcogenide Cathodes for Aluminum‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

Many successful battery electrodes are based on 2D-layered materials. We have studied aluminiumion batteries using molybdenum dichalcogenides: MoS 2 , MoSe 2 and MoSSe as active cathode materials. The batteries showed clear discharge voltage plateaus in the ranges 1.6 -1.4 V for MoS 2 and MoSe 2 , and 0.6 -0.5 V for MoSSe. MoS 2 and MoSe 2 have similar crystal structures, interestingly we found that MoSe 2 performed better than MoS 2 . MoSSe exhibited a higher specific capacity over MoS 2 and MoSe 2 , but the energy density was lower than MoSe 2 at a current rate of 40 mA g −1 . MoSe 2 cells recorded a discharge capacity of ∼ 110 mAh g −1 with an average potential at ∼ 2.0 V. The cells were stable at 100 mA g −1 for over 200 cycles with 90% coulombic efficiency.

Recent Advances in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Cathode Materials for Aqueous Rechargeable Multivalent Metal-Ion Batteries

“…As a result, the AIB exhibited the excellent discharge capacities of 253.6 and 66.7 mA h g −1 at 20 and 40 mA g −1 , respectively, after 100 cycles. Similar results were reported by Divya et al [106] Al 3+ intercalated into two vacant sites, M1 and M2, where M1 is the X site in X-Mo-X atoms (X: S, Se, and SSe) and M2 represents the interlayer distance of MoX 2 (Figure 9c). The phase transformation after the first few intercalations/deintercalations led to the accommodation of more Al 3+ ions, resulting in a higher capacity than that of the original MoS 2 .…”

Construction of Interlayer-Expanded MoSe2/Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Heterojunctions for Ultra-Long-Cycling Rechargeable Aluminum Storage

“…Additionally, Figure e summarizes the recently reported AIBs based on TMD electrodes, which contains the important electrochemical parameters, like reversible capacity and rate performance. The as-prepared MoSe 2 /N-G heterojunction electrode in this paper shows better electrochemical performance than the aforementioned TMDs, such as Cu 2– x Se, CuS@C, Mo 6 S 8 , Co 3 S 4 , MoSe 2 , MoSe 2 @C, Ni 3 S 2 , and VS 4 @RGO (Figure e) . The actual soft-pack cell is shown in Figure f, the open-circuit voltage was 3.34 V, and it can make an LED light shine, indicating that the battery has practical value.…”

“…(a) CV and (b) galvanostatic discharge/charge curves, (c) rate capability, and (d) cycling performance of MoSe 2 /N-G electrodes in AIBs. Comparison of (e) MoSe 2 /N-G hybrid//Al batteries with other high-performance AIBs ,,,− and (f) physical soft package diagram of the MoSe 2 /N-G hybrid.…”

“…As a prominent member of the TMDs, MoSe 2 has come into prominence in recent years, which is attributed to its unique sandwiched structure, large layer spacing (0.64 nm), and the interaction between layers via minor van der Waals forces, which could store more Al 3+ -ions and realize the reversible intercalation/extraction of Al 3+ -ions in the discharge/charge process. Recently, Nann et al prepared MoSe 2 as a cathode for AIBs, which delivered, for the first time, a discharge capacity of 110 mAh g –1 under 40 mA g –1 , indicating that MoSe 2 is a potential cathode for AIBs. However, similar to other TMD electrodes in alkaline batteries, the development of MoSe 2 -based materials as cathodes in AIBs is limited by severe volume collapse during the electrochemical discharge/charge process and poor electrical conductivity, which results in drastic capacity fading and inferior cycling stability induced by the poor reaction kinetics.…”

Recent Progress in Al‐, K‐, and Zn‐Ion Batteries: Experimental and Theoretical Viewpoints

“…Metal sulfides have also been regarded as another group of potential cathode materials for AIBs. [ 52 ] Because of the comparatively lower electronegativity and also larger atomic radius of sulfur in comparison with oxygen, the electrostatic interactions of Al ions were reduced during the insertion into the framework of metal sulfides. Therefore, it improves the Al 3+ ions’ diffusion into the framework of sulfides in comparison with oxides.…”