Background:
Inadequate obturation techniques of the root canal system have been found to be the most frequent reason of failure post root canal treatment. An ideal endodontic sealer should fulfill all ideal requisites. The present study aimed to compare apical sealing ability between bioceramic (BC) sealer, GuttaFlow, and AH Plus.
Methodology:
One hundred and twenty-five curved roots of maxillary and mandibular third molar teeth with fully formed apex were collected for this study. The root canals were cleaned and shaped using a standard single-cone preparation to file at the established working length and divided into five groups of 25 each. Dye leakage was carried out. Group A: with GP, using EndoSequence BC sealer with conventional with 4% gutta-percha (Brasseler USA, Savannah, Georgia, USA); Group B: with ceramic coated with 4% gutta-percha (Brasseler USA, Savannah, Georgia, USA); Group C: with GP, using AH Plus sealer (Dentsply, De-Trey Konstanz, Germany) with 4% gutta-percha; Group D: with GuttaFlow bioseal (Roeko-Coltène/Whaledent, Langenau, Germany) with 4% Gutta-percha; and Group E is a negative control group. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software and Student's unpaired
t
-test.
Results:
The group AH Plus showed more leakage values than the GuttaFlow group and of two groups of BC sealer and negative control. Student's unpaired
t
-test disclosed no significant difference (
P
< 0.05) between the groups.
Conclusion:
None of the sealers used in the study could completely seal the apical foramen to have a fluid-tight seal.
Surgical treatment involves the placement of a material designed to seal the root canal contents from the periradicular tissues and repair root defects. An ideal endodontic repair material ideally would adhere to tooth structure, maintain a sufficient seal, be insoluble in tissue fluids, dimensionally stable, non-resorbable, radiopaque, and exhibit biocompatibility. The diverse application of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate in the practice of paediatric dentistry is evident in its use as an apical barrier in immature non-vital teeth and in the coronal fragment of fractured roots, as a pulpotomy medicament in primary and permanent teeth, a pulp capping agent in young permanent teeth, and as a repair material for perforation and resorptive defects.
Aim and objective
The present study aimed to assess the formation of microcracks in root dentin post-instrumentation with nickel–titanium (NiTi) hand and rotary file system.
Materials and methods
Totally, 80 freshly extracted mandibular premolar teeth with single roots were chosen for this study. Access opening was performed and #10 K-file was used to attain patency of canal. All specimens were divided into four groups (each group having 20 specimens), i.e., Group I: Unprepared, Group II: NiTi hand K-files, Group III: Self-adjusting file, and Group IV: XP-Shaper single file. Complete irrigation of all the canals was performed after instrumentation. All roots were cut horizontally at three levels [apical third (3 mm), middle third (6 mm), and cervical third (9 mm)] from the apex with diamond disc. A stereomicroscope was used to view the sections under 20× magnification.
Results
Self-adjusting file showed least number of defects with a percentage of 75% followed by XP-Shaper and NiTi hand K-files with a values of 65 and 60%, respectively. Use of hand K-files resulted in greater number of incomplete cracks (30%) and use of XP-Shaper demonstrated greater number of craze lines (15%). A statistically significant difference was found between the experimental groups in the formation of dentinal defects of root at apical third (3 mm) (p < 0.031) and middle third (6 mm) (p < 0.001), whereas the sections at cervical third (9 mm) did not show any statistically significant difference (p > 0.312).
Conclusion
The present study concluded that the self-adjusting file system gives promising better results in cleaning ability with minimal incidence of radicular dentin microcracks than XP-Shaper and NiTi hand K-files system.
Clinical significance
The root dentin may unavoidably get damaged during instrumentation resulting in the formation of dentinal cracks and tiny complicated fractures, thus leading to endodontic failures. Various factors cause dentinal cracks, but the flexibility of file due to heat treatment, kinematics of the file, and the basic architecture of the file are the most significant ones. Self-adjusting file system represented satisfactory results with minimal microcracks defects.
How to cite this article
Kumar A, Kaul S, Kuriakose F, et al. Evaluation of Radicular Dentin Microcracks Formation after Instrumentation with NiTi Hand and Rotary File System: A Stereomicroscopic Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2020;21(11):1233–1237.
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