3D printing (3DP) is one of the modern approaches in the field of manufacturing. Although this process has been known for a fair amount of time, only the recent developments have revealed its novel and true potential for applications in different manufacturing sectors. Textile, one of the basic human requirements, does more than just fulfilling the fundamental necessity of covering our body. Integrating 3DP technology in textiles has broadened the horizon of the textile world.This review explores the historical background as well as state-of-the-art developments in 3DP related to textiles and fashion. Basic ideas about fundamental textile substrates, various 3DP technologies related to textiles, different printing devices and tools, materials used as print inks, direct printing of 3D objects on various textile substrates, fabrication techniques of 3D printed textile structures, different process parameters and their impacts, tests and standards, benefits and limitations are the contents of the discussions throughout this paper. It also highlights the future aspects concerning the further implementation of 3DP technology in the textile industry.Overall, the paper draws a picture with an intention to ascertain the undeniable promise of 3DP, despite having some drawbacks, to enrich the future of the textile and fashion industry with an aim to motivate future designers and scientists towards further exploration within this field of knowledge.

Composite materials are materials made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties, that when combined, produce a material with characteristics different from the individual components. A hybrid composite refers to a special type of composite which contains more than one fibre material as reinforcing filler. Multiple fibre reinforced composites give a wide variety of mechanical properties with respect to a single fibre containing composite. The ecofriendly nature as well as the processing advantage, light weight and low cost have enhanced the attraction and interest of the natural fibre reinforced composite. The objective of the present research is to study the mechanical properties of the jute-coir fibre reinforced hybrid polyethylene composite. Composites were manufactured by using a hot press machine at three levels of fibre loading (5, 10 and 15 wt%). The tensile, flexural, impact and hardness tests were conducted for the purpose of mechanical characterisation. A water absorption and scanning electron microscopic analysis was carried out as part of the physical evaluation. The tensile test of the composite showed a decreasing trend of tensile strength and an increasing trend for Young's modulus with an increasing fibre content. During the flexural, impact and hardness tests, the flexural strength, flexural modulus, impact strength and hardness were found to be increased with the increasing fibre loading. Water absorption increased with the increase in fibre loading. The scanning electron microscopic analysis showed the strongest adhesion between the fibre and the matrix in the 15% fibre reinforced composite. Based on the fibre loading used in this study, the 15% fibre reinforced composite exhibited the best set of mechanical properties.

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