Objective: To determine if below-elbow casts are as effective as above-elbow casts in the treatment of the distal third closed forearm fractures in children. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective comparative study and was conducted at orthopaedic department of Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences (LUMHS). Children 4 to 12 years of age who presented to, distal 1/3rd fractures of the forearm were randomized in order to manage with either an above-elbow or below-elbow cast after closed reduction under fluoroscopic guidance. Radiographic analysis was done for angulation and displacement at the injury time, following reduction, and at subsequent intervals of follow-up. At the fracture level, the cast index for evaluating the cast moulding quality was assessed from the post-reduction radiographs. Variations between post-reduction and final values for displacement and angulation, the range of motion of elbow, forearm and wrists and cast indices between the two groups were compared. Results: Of total 50 study subjects, 26 underwent above-elbow cast and 24 subjects underwent below-elbow cast techniques. Mean age of above-elbow cast group patients was 9.42 year and the mean age in of below-elbow cast group patients was 9.13 years. 15 male and 11 female patients were present in above-elbow cast group; 14 male and 10 female patients were present in below-elbow cast group. The mean cast index of above-elbow cast group was 0.71 and the mean cast index of below-elbow cast was 0.70. In terms of patient demographics, injury mechanism, characteristics of initial fracture, cast index or shift in displacement and angulation during treatment, no significant variances were observed between both groups. In above-elbow cast group, the mean elbow arc of motion on cast removal at six weeks was only 78° compared to 141.6° in below-elbow cast group. There was a significant decline in arc of motion of elbow joint in above-elbow cast group compared to below-elbow cast group in six weeks which became normal at final follow-up in three months. The complication rates in both the groups were similar. Conclusion: Below-elbow cast is the safe reliable and cost-effective method of cast immobilization in distal third forearm fractures in the children of 4 to 12 years of age.
The present study was carried out from Sindh, Pakistan during 2012-2013. A total of 1,964 specimens of butterflies were collected from the different localities of Sindh, Pakistan. The identification was done through available literature. Among collected specimens, 67 species belonging to 41 genera of 16 subfamilies falling in 6 families were identified. Our result showed that Lycaenidae was the richest family; comprising 19 species followed by Pieridae comprising 18 species, Nymphalidae 11 species, Hesperiidae 11 species, Danaidae comprising 5 species and Papilionidae comprising 03 species were reported. The present study was first time attempt to make the checklist of butterfly fauna of Sindh, Pakistan.
The present study was conducted to investigate the toxic effects of endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) on male reproductive function. Eighty male spray workers were participated and exposed to Organophosphate (Profenofos 500EC) insecticide to evaluate the alterations in serum testosterone level. During study period participants were assessed regarding their exposure to pesticides, protective tools and health conditions. Bloods samples were collected before and after spraying pesticide for the assessment of serum testosterone. Results were analyzed statistically. It was revealed that 70% of the post exposure spray workers had significant decrease in the serum testosterone (4.40±1.25ng/ml P < 0.01) as compared to pre exposure to spray that was 5.80±0.78ng/ml. Out of these 70%, (21%) spray workers were recorded with below normal level of serum testosterone (2.73±0.30ng/ml). Clinical symptoms related to pesticide exposure dizziness, headache, joints pain, nausea, skin and eyes allergy were observed. It was concluded that profenofos may inhibit serum testosterone synthesis by disrupting hypothalamic, pituitarytesticular axis could impair the reproductive function in spray workers.
Objectives: To analyze the comparative results of dynamic DHS fixation in stableand the unstable intertrochanteric fractures at LUH. Study Design: Comparative study. Setting:Orthopedic unit I of LUH Jamshoro. Period: 26th May 2010 – 25th August 2011. Methodology:All 40 patients with femur intertrochanteric fracture were enlisted. All cases isolated in 2 groupsevery having 20 patients, group A stable fracture and group B unstable fractures. After completephysical examination, examinations and fracture arrangement evaluation, patients were readiedfor operation. Fracture table was used in each operation. Fracture reduction was initiallyattempted by close manipulation and was successful in 30 (75%) cases. Lateral approach forproximal femur was used in every case. All fractures, whether stable or unstable, were reducedanatomically without any type of osteotomy and then fixed with 135o dynamic hip screw.Results: Mean age was 62.8.2 years of the cases. Gender ratio was 3:1. According to modeof injury were found RTA in 21 (70%) patients. Postoperative complications were recorded as;superficial infection noted in 2 (5%) patients and there was no case of deep infection. Averagestay of hospital found 16.5 days in 17 (42.5%) patients belongs to stable group and 06 (15%)patients belong to unstable group. All (n=40) patients were pain free on their discharge fromhospital. In all (n=40) patients we achieved union and there was no case of delayed unionor non-union. We assessed functional outcome of our patients on the base of Stinchfield HipAssessment system. According to SHAS 28 (70%) patients were excellent, 05 (12.5%) patientswere good, 04 (10%) were fair and 03 (7.5) were poor. We had not found mortality in our patients.Conclusions: According to our conclusion DHS is the best implant for intertrochanteric fracturefixation. No matter; whether fracture is stable, unstable and fresh or old.
Objectives: To assess the best results of diaphyseal femoral fractures treatedby closed intramedullary interlocking nail and open intramedullary interlocking nail. StudyDesign: Cross sectional. Period: Jan 2009 to Jan 2011. Setting: LUH Jamshoro / Hyderabad.Methods: Total 40 fractures of shaft of femur in 40 patients were treated with IMILN. All patientshave same post operative follow up. Early range of motion exercises of hip and knee joint wasstarted, pain management and 3rd generation cephalosporin intravenous antibiotics given for5 days followed by oral antibiotics. Patients discharged as early as possible when patient’scondition allowed and removal of stitches after two weeks. Patient’s assessment regardingwound condition, range of movement of proximal and distal joints and fractures assessmentradiologically and clinically was done every month. Results: Majority of the cases were withthe age groups of 37.5% between 21-30 years. RTA was found most common 70% of thecases. According to the AO classification oblique fractures were found most common 45%. Onthe assessment of final results in both close and open methods, 5% infection found in closemethod and 7.5% infection were in open method, less union time was found in closed group,deformity was equally found in both groups and heeling time was also less found in closedgroup. Conclusions: It is concluded that closed intramedullary interlocking nailing method isthe best procedure with excellent union for the femoral fracture.
All 40 patients with femur intertrochanteric fracture were enlisted. All cases isolated in 2 groups every having 20 patients, group A stable fracture and group B unstable fractures. After complete physical examination, examinations and fracture arrangement evaluation, patients were readied for operation. Fracture table was used in each operation. Fracture reduction was initially attempted by close manipulation and was successful in 30 (75%) cases. Lateral approach for proximal femur was used in every case. All fractures, whether stable or unstable, were reduced anatomically without any type of osteotomy and then fixed with 135 o dynamic hip screw. Results: Mean age was 62.8.2 years of the cases. Gender ratio was 3:1. According to mode of injury were found RTA in 21 (70%) patients. Postoperative complications were recorded as; superficial infection noted in 2 (5%) patients and there was no case of deep infection. Average stay of hospital found 16.5 days in 17 (42.5%) patients belongs to stable group and 06 (15%) patients belong to unstable group. All (n=40) patients were pain free on their discharge from hospital. In all (n=40) patients we achieved union and there was no case of delayed union or non-union. We assessed functional outcome of our patients on the base of Stinchfield Hip Assessment system. According to SHAS 28 (70%) patients were excellent, 05 (12.5%) patients were good, 04 (10%) were fair and 03 (7.5) were poor. We had not found mortality in our patients. Conclusions: According to our conclusion DHS is the best implant for intertrochanteric fracture fixation. No matter; whether fracture is stable, unstable and fresh or old.
Ecotoxicological impacts of pyrethroid insecticides are getting attention to their indiscriminate use in agriculture sector. The aim of present experimental study was to evaluate the possible hepatotoxic effects bifenthrin insecticide in avian species. For this purpose, 36 Pigeons were (Columba livia domestica) randomly divided in three equal group (A, B & C). Oral doses 1/20 th & 1/15 th of LD50 (22mg. and 30mg./kg./day) of bifenthrin were administrated to test group A and B respectively for 40 consecutive days, whereas group C birds kept as control. All birds were supplied same quantity of food and water. A highly significant decrease (P < 0.001) in the body weight was recorded in both test group birds as compared to group C. Treated birds demonstrated change in color of the liver with paleness to yellowish coloration. Microscopic examinations revealed that, transverse section liver was showing enlarged hepatocytes increased sinusoidal spaces, vacuolation of hepatocytes and inflammatory cells with hypertrophy at the oral dose of (22 mg./kg./day). While oral dose of bifenthrin (30 mg./kg./day) exerted marked histopathological changes in the liver of group B birds like diffused vacuolation, congestion and deterioration of the hepatocytes, haemorrhages and hepatic fibrosis. The findings of present study revealed that bifenthrin insecticide exerted toxic effects in exposed pigeons and can produce moderate to severe hepatic alterations in the avian species in proportion to exposure level and duration.
The present paper deals with designing a criteria catalog for the definition and characterization of academic innovation facilities established within premises of higher education institutes. The in-depth content analysis of available scientific literature on the topic and web description of existing innovation facilities from their official websites is carried out following a purposive observational approach. As a result, a criteria catalog of 12 aspects including 6 functional and 6 structural aspects along with their possible field configurations is devised and proposed herein. The proposed catalog should assist in defining a particular innovation facility in more standardized manner and thereby serve as a guideline for planning and establishing new academic innovation facilities. The catalog should also enable to cross-compare and distinguish multiple innovation facilities across different geographies in order to reveal their relative strengths and weaknesses.
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