Introduction Hysterectomy is a common surgical procedure in women, and oophorectomy may also be performed with the hysterectomy. The objective of this study was to identify clinical indications and pathological findings in hysterectomies, performed for gynecological causes, in women of reproductive age (15-49 years) and to determine if oophorectomy or ovarian conservation was performed with the hysterectomy as well as the pathological findings in the ovaries. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of Pathology at Dow Medical College in Karachi, Pakistan, from September 2017 to December 2018. Data were recorded from the pathology reports of hysterectomy specimens received in the department. Data of hysterectomies performed for gynecological causes in women of reproductive age group were selected and analyzed, using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft, Redmond, Washington) and SPSS version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, New York). Data of women more than 49 years and obstetric hysterectomies were excluded.
Introduction Emergency obstetric hysterectomy (EOH) is a life-saving procedure which involves the surgical removal of uterus and is usually performed for uncontrollable maternal hemorrhage when all other conservative management has failed. This study was conducted to evaluate the histopathological findings in the EOH specimen received in the department of pathology. Methods This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Histopathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, and Dow Medical College (DMC) from September 2017 to December 2018. The histopathological findings in the EOH specimen were recorded and data was analyzed. Results Ninety-six cases of EOH were received. The incidence of emergency obstetric hysterectomy was 58.37/10,000 deliveries. The mean age of patients was 30.59 years (range 20-45 years). The main histopathological findings were placenta accreta spectrum in 61 (63.54%) cases, cervical tear in eight (8.33%), uterine rupture in seven (7.29%) and endomyometritis in six (6.25%) cases. In the placenta accreta spectrum, placenta accreta was the most frequent diagnosis in 23 (23.96%) of cases, placenta increta in 17 (17.71%), placenta percreta in 10 (10.42%) cases. Seven (7.29%) cases of placenta percreta and four (4.17%) cases of placenta accreta were diagnosed in association with placenta previa. Twenty placentas were received with the hysterectomies, of these eight (40%) placentas showed infarction and six (30%) had intervillous fibrin, both findings were suggestive of uteroplacental insufficiency, while three (15%) placentas had normal histology. Ovaries were received with the hysterectomies in 11 (11.46%) cases. Mature cystic teratoma was diagnosed in two (2.08%) ovaries while the majority of ovaries were normal on histology. Conclusion Placenta accreta spectrum is the leading histopathological finding in the EOH specimen. Regular antenatal follow-1 2 1 1 3 4 4 4
Background: Malaria and dengue fever are among the most prevalent infectious diseases in tropical countries, with an approximated 219 and 50 million cases in the world, respectively. The proposed study sought to identify distinguishing clinical and biological variable of falciparum malaria and dengue. Methodology: Between September and October 2021, a cross-sectional questionnaire survey was distributed to participants in Karachi via Google form. The closed ended, self-administered questionnaire assessed symptoms of malaria, and dengue fever. Results: Of the 100 patients 67 tested positive for dengue, while 33 tested positive for falciparum malaria. Dengue positive patients had skin rash, arthralgia, retro-orbital pain, mild bleeding, thrombocytopenia and leucopenia whereas malaria positive patients had fever with chills along with splenomegaly. Other symptoms such as headache, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, myalgia, and dizziness did not differ significantly. Conclusion: In conclusion, it is possible to distinguish between dengue and malaria infections using clinical and laboratory data. These findings must be confirmed through additional study across a range of geographic locations and time periods. Keywords: Dengue, Malaria, Mild Bleeding, Retro-orbital pain, Thrombocytopenia, Leucopenia
Background: The significance of vitamin D deficiency in the progress of menstrual disorders in women is a topic of great interest in studies. Several studies have found that taking an increased vitamin D supplement can help restore the menstrual cycle. Aim: To investigate the relationship between vitamin D and menstrual cycle irregularity. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, serum vitamin D levels were measured in 150 outpatient women with menstrual disorders (n=75), compared to women with comparable profiles (n=75) with symptoms other than menstrual disorders compared. Results: A decreased level of vitamin D was associated with a 13.3 times odds of an irregular cycle (95% CI): p < 0.001). 25-hydroxy vitamin D was not associated with age or body mass index. We found a significant difference (p < 0.001) in mean vitamin D levels among the females with irregular cycles vs. regular cycles Practical implication:There is scarcity of literature on vitamin D and menstrual periods so current study assessed the relationship between vitamin D and menstrual cycle irregularity in womens. Conclusion: Lower 25(OH)D levels are linked to irregular menstrual cycles. Our findings indicate that vitamin D has an effect on the reproductive axis, which has wider scope for reproductive potential. Keywords: Menstrual disturbances, Ovulation, Vitamin D deficiency, polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Objective: To determine association of quality of life and multimorbidity among geriatric population of Karachi Pakistan Methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted in district of Karachi district using cluster sampling technique. Sample had greater than 60 years of age restricting those with mental disorders, speech disorders or language barriers. Sample size was n=362. Data was collected using WOHQOL-BREF with four domains, social relationships, psychological health, physical health and environment domain. Data was collected by face to face interviews after informed consent keeping information confidential. p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. For numerical data descriptive analysis was used and categorical data was expressed by frequency and percentages using SPSS version 24. Odds ratio was used to find association of multimorbidty and quality of life Results: Of total n=90 (25%) participants had none or single disease, with multimorbidity in n=272 (75%) participants. Most n=165 (46%) had hypertension, Diabetes was present in n=56 (16%). Bones and joints in n=133 (38%), Obesity in n=80(22%). Most n=144 (40%) rated their life quality as good, n=30 (8.3%) as very good, n=57 (15.5%) rated their quality of life as poor, n=3 (0.8%%) rated it very poor and remaining n=128(35.4%) were in between. Mean scores of Environmental domain had highest score then physical health, psychological domain and least for social domain. When association was seen in multimorbidity and life quality Environment domain displayed significant association with OR: 1.9 ( p value 0.009).In Environment and Social domain majority were found to be satisfied. Conclusion: Significant association was seen between Multimorbidity and Enviornmental domain in Quality of life. Keywords: Multimorbidity, Quality of life, Geriatrics
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