Background: Synostosis or fusion of atlas with occipital bone is known as occipitocervical synostosis, occipitalization of the atlas, or atlanto-occipital fusion. This is a rare congenital malformation at craniovertebral junction. Its incidence ranges from 0.08%-3% in general population. Occipitocervical synostosis result in narrowing of foramen magnum which may compress the brain stem, vertebral artery and cranial nerves. Knowledge of occipitocervical synostosis is important for the surgeons during the surgeries in the craniovertebral region. Hence, the present study was undertaken to determine the incidence and to describe the morphology of the occipitocervical synostosis.Material and Methods: Two-hundred dry adult human skulls of Indian origin were studied in the Department of anatomy. The base of these skulls was observed for presence of atlantooccipital fusion. The anteroposterior and transverse diameter of the foramen magnum and diameter of the inferior articular facets were measured in these skulls using digital vernier caliper.
Introduction: One of the most important aspects in identifying the personal identity of an individual is stature which is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Stature exhibits a definite proportional relationship with various parts of the body like head, face, trunk, vertebral column and extremities. Rules of body proportions exhibit consistent ratios among themselves and relative to the total body height and are age, sex and race dependent. They are also of great importance in Fine arts, Anatomy, Anthropology and Forensic medicine Aims: To study the relationship of human height with head length Materials and Methods: This is a Cross-sectional study carried out in Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore in 225 individuals aged between 18 and 25 years of age in and around Bangalore. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient and Linear regression were employed for the Statistical analysis of the data Results: The mean head length was found to be 21.43±0.94 cm and ranged between 19.39 to 24.74 cms. The gender wise comparison revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in mean values of head length in in males and females. It was observed that there was a weak positive correlation between height and mean head length which was statistically significant(r =0.27, P <0.001).
Conclusion:It was observed in the present study, that there was a weak positive correlation between height and head length in both males and females indicating that head length alone is not a reliable indicator in prediction of stature
Introduction:The height estimation is as important as other parameters like age, sex and race especially in medico-legal cases. The environmental and genetic factors influence the development of various parts of body. Although bilateral symmetry is a feature seen in humans, there is asymmetry in the foot length without gender or handedness bias.Aim: To study the relationship of human height with foot length and to derive a mathematical module to predict the height from foot length.Materials and Methods: This is a Cross-sectional study carried out in Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore in 234 individuals aged between 18 and 25 years of age. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient and linear regression were employed for the Statistical analysis of the data Results: The overall mean foot length observed was 22.82 ±1.10 cms. There was significant difference in the mean values between right and left foot length which was statistically significant (P value = <0.001). The height showed a statistically significant positive correlation with left foot length in both males and females. Linear regression equation was derived to predict height from foot length in both males and females.
Conclusion:In the present study, there was a statistically significant difference in right and left side mean foot length measurements in both sexes. A positive correlation was observed between height and foot length and left foot length had better correlation with height in both sexes. It was concluded from further analysis that other parameters need to be considered for better predictability of height.
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