Microvillous inclusion disease is a rare disorder of infancy associated with protracted diarrhea. This malady reveals distinct ultrastructural changes. The surface enterocytes of the duodenum show vesicles lined with microvilli and the surface microvilli are poorly formed. The authors present one case of microvillous inclusion disease with a review of the literature.

A 30 year old lady patient of SLE on steroid and hydroxychloroquine therapy presented with lupus nephritis and later developed cardiac symptoms. Her renal biopsy revealed features of Class III lupus nephritis. Also seen was typical lamellated myelinoid material in the glomerulus. The alpha-galactosidase A activity was normal. The clinical morphological and biochemical findings were consistent with Lupus nephritis showing changes of hydroxychloroquine induced phopholipidosis. Electron microscopy along with careful clinical examination and follow up status was instrumental in the diagnosis of the latter.

Combined clinical and ultrastructural examination has led to a definitive diagnosis. These diseases exhibit indolent progression and as yet do not have specific treatment.