Lipid peroxidation products, lipid hydroperoxide and malonaldehyde were measured in the serum of patients on maintenance hemodialysis and compared with values obtained from a group of healthy controls. Dialysis patients had significantly elevated levels of lipid peroxidation products (12.9 ± 1.9 vs. 9.3 ± 1.3 nmol/ml, mean ± SD, patients vs. controls, p < 0.0001). In contrast, the serum transferrin level was significantly lower in the dialysis patients (217 ± 71 vs. 290 ± 50 mg/dl, patients vs. controls, p < 0.0002). Compared to normal controls HDL cholesterol was lower (40 ± 11 vs. 53 ± 8, p < 0.0001) and triglycerides were higher (206 ± 103 vs. 142 ± 64, p < 0.007) in the patient group. The patient group was then divided on the basis of using polysulfone or cupraphane dialyzers. Patients using polysulfone dialyzers had lower levels of 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (12.3 + 0.9 vs. 13.6 ± 2.1, polysulfone vs. cupraphane, p = 0.05), and higher transferrin concentrations (248 ± 84 vs. 194 ± 37, p = 0.03). Thus, in patients on maintenance hemodialysis there was evidence for accelerated lipid peroxidation. This abnormality was more marked in patients using traditional cupraphane dialyzers. The mechanism for this observation remains unclear.
Meloidogyne
incognita
is an important
plant-parasitic nematode that causes significant crop losses all over
the world. The primary control strategy for this pathogen is still
based on nematicides, which are hazardous to human health and the
environment. Considering these problems, this study aimed to determine
the efficacy of different concentrations (25, 50, and 100 ppm) of
silver nanoparticles against
M. incognita
on
Trachyspermum ammi
. Silver nanoparticles
synthesized from
Senna siamea
were
thoroughly characterized using various physicochemical techniques,
viz., UV–visible spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy
(SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive
X-ray analyzer (EDX). Results revealed that plants treated with 50
ppm silver nanoparticles one week before
M. incognita
inoculation (T
2
) exhibited maximum and significant (
p
≤ 0.05) increases in plant growth, biochemical
characteristics, and activities of defense enzymes such as peroxidase,
catalase, superoxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase over the
inoculated control (IC) plants. Furthermore, the maximum reduction
in the number of galls, egg masses, and root-knot indices was recorded
in plants treated with 100 ppm silver nanoparticles (T
3
) followed by plants treated with 50 ppm silver nanoparticles before
nematode inoculation (T
2
), over inoculated plants (IC).
Anatomical studies showed accumulation of lignin in the transverse
section (TS) of roots treated with 50 ppm silver nanoparticles. As
a result, the present finding strongly suggests that silver nanoparticles
synthesized from
S. siamea
had nematicidal
activity, and it could be an efficient, safe, cost-effective, and
affordable alternative to chemical nematicide.
were monthly sampled throughout a year and the histological analysis of their ovaries was done to determine the changes occurring in ovarian development. Based on histological examination of the ovaries, the oogenic process of undergoes distinct cyclic and seasonal morphological changes. Five different developmental stages were identified under three major categories: pre-spawning (immature, maturing, mature), spawning (ripe-running) and post-spawning (spent). The peak spawning period of was noticed during December - February. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) and ova diameter ranged from 0.79 to 3.61% and 543-1123 μm respectively. The highest mean GSI (3.61 ± 0.16) and oocyte diameter (1123 ± 55 μm) were observed in December indicating that during this month the gonadal development reached maturity.
Myocardial infarction is a major public health concern and the leading cause of death throughout the world. The present study investigates the ability of Aegle marmelos fruit extract to prevent pathological changes and oxidative stress after isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats. In vitro studies showed that Aegle marmelos fruit extract possesses antioxidant activity. Administration of isoproterenol (85 mg/kg body weight) to rats resulted in significantly elevated plasma transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase, however, cardiac tissue analyses showed decreased activity of the above enzymes compared to experimental control rats. Further, isoproterenol administration significantly increased plasma and cardiac tissue thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lowered the activities of cardiac tissue superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase when compared to control groups. Pretreatment with Aegle marmelos fruit extract at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight for a period of 45 days significantly prevented the observed alterations. Our data suggest that Aegle marmelos fruit extract exerts its protective effect by decreasing thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and elevating antioxidants status in isoproterenol treated rats. Both biochemical and histopathological results in the isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction model emphasize the beneficial action of Aegle marmelos fruit extract as a cardioprotective agent.
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