This study analyzed the influence of fragmented autogenous white subcutaneous adipose tissue (WSAT) on bone healing in critical-size defects created in rabbit calvaria. A 15-mm diameter defect was created in the calvaria of 42 rabbits, which were treated with 86 mm3 WSAT grafts or filled only with blood clots (control). Animals were euthanized at 7, 15, and 40 days postsurgery (n = 7), and the data were analyzed using histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry using the anti-CD34 and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) antibodies. The calvaria treated with only blood clots demonstrated positivity to CD34 concentrated in endothelial cells, whereas the BMP2 were restricted to the borders of the defects. In contrast, the group treated with WSAT revealed fatty cells exhibiting positivity to BMP2 both in membrane and cytoplasm and intense quantities of stromal spindle cells that exhibited positivity to CD34 simultaneously to BMP2; these results together coincided with a larger bone matrix deposited in all postsurgery periods analyzed. These results revealed that the WSAT may be an alternative to craniofacial bone reconstruction because the adipose tissue exhibited prominent immunoexpression of BMP2, which was coexpressed with stromal CD34+ cells, indicating the plasticity of CD34+ stem cells into osteoblasts, and in the adipocytes, facts that suggest bone tissue development through cellular transdifferentiation from adipocytes.
Objective: To evaluate the effects of alendronate (AL), a bisphosphonate, on visual bone density by means of a radiographic analysis. Material and methods: Sixty-two Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Group AA (AL with autogenous graft); group AW (AL without autogenous graft) both receiving AL on alternate days for 4 weeks before surgery; control group CA (with autogenous graft); group CW (without autogenous graft) both receiving saline solution before surgery. Experimental periods of evaluation were 2 weeks and 4 weeks post-surgery. Conventional and digital radiographs were obtained, and a 5-point grading system (score) was used to assess visual radiographic bone density. Results: There were no statistical differences between CA and AA groups at 2 and 4 weeks. The AA group had a higher mean score of bone density than the CW and AW groups at 2 weeks (P < 0.05). The CA and AA groups had higher scores of bone density than the CW and AW groups at 4 weeks (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Treatment with AL did not affect radiographic bone density at 2 and 4 weeks after surgery. The presence of an autograft resulted in higher scores of bone density.
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