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Objectives/Hypothesis Three‐dimensional (3D) endoscopy is an emerging tool in surgery that provides real‐time depth perception. Its benefits have been investigated in surgical training, but the current literature lacks significant objective outcome data. We aimed to objectively compare the efficacy of two‐dimensional (2D) versus 3D high‐definition endoscopes in novice users. Study Design Prospective, randomized crossover study. Methods Ninety‐two novice medical students who used both 2D and 3D endoscopes to complete two validated tasks in a box trainer participated in the study. Time taken and error rates were measured, and subjective data were collected. Results Wilcoxon tests showed 3D technology was significantly faster than 2D (78 vs. 95 seconds, P = .004), and errors per task were significantly lower (3 vs. 5, P < .001). Sixty‐nine percent of participants preferred the 3D endoscope. Conclusions 3D high‐definition endoscopy could be instrumental in training the next generation of endoscopic surgeons. Further research is required in a clinical setting. Level of Evidence 2b Laryngoscope, 129:1280–1285, 2019

Ollier's disease and Maffucci's syndrome are similar multiple enchondromatous conditions. Other co-existing pathologies, particularly other primary malignancies, have been described sporadically in both conditions but more so in Maffucci's syndrome. Maffucci's syndrome is distinguished from Ollier's disease by the presence of haemangiomas in the former. In this report, a patient believed to have Ollier's disease for 44 years was subsequently found to have large splenic haemangiomas on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the light of this, we recommend that any patient diagnosed with Ollier's disease to have total body MRI to search for haemangiomas that will alter the diagnosis to Maffucci's syndrome and hence the prognosis. MRI also screens for the presence of other associated malignancies.

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Background/ObjectivesEndoscopic surgery has a distinct disadvantage compared to direct vision: loss of binocular vision. Three‐dimensional endoscopy has been welcomed due to the promise of improving stereopsis.MethodsProspective randomized study of junior doctors with minimal endoscopic experience, using both two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional, zero‐degree, 4‐mm Storz endoscopes. Data was collected using validated, standardized training models, both objectively and subjectively. Paired comparisons between variables relating to the endoscopes were performed using Wilcoxon's tests. Operators were then split into groups based on their endoscope preference, with comparisons made using Mann‐Whitney tests for Likert scale responses, Kendall's tau for ordinal variables, and Fisher's exact tests for nominal variables.ResultsReduction of field of vision of three‐dimensional endoscopy by 2%. Significant findings included decreased past‐pointing, improved depth and perception and image quality.ConclusionThe use of an endoscopic endonasal approach with three‐dimensional technology has measurable advantages for novice users, and highlights potential tailoring of future surgical trainingLevel of Evidence1b

Of the GPs surveyed 78 per cent did not refer children presenting with acute facial paralysis to an otolaryngologist. We suggest minimum investigations for acute facial paralysis in children before diagnosing Bell's palsy and stipulate otolaryngology referral for all.

These results show no active angiogenesis occurring in the polyp or changes in capillary bed architecture, although capillaries seem more edematous in the polyp. As the capillary supply increases in line with the physiological needs of the growing polyp, we conclude that angiogenesis is not a driving force in the etiology of nasal polyposis.

BackgroundEndoscopic frontal sinus surgery is frequently complicated by post-operative stenosis and obstruction of the frontal sinus outflow tract, resulting in recurrent disease. Frontal sinus stents may help prevent re-occlusion of the frontal neo-ostia.ObjectiveThis paper presents a simple and cost-effective approach to frontal sinus stenting using modified Silastic nasal splints.Results and conclusionThe current technique provides an effective, reliable and inexpensive method for achieving post-operative frontal sinus outflow tract patency.