2018
DOI: 10.1002/lio2.207
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Endoscopic training—is the future three‐dimensional?

Abstract: Background/ObjectivesEndoscopic surgery has a distinct disadvantage compared to direct vision: loss of binocular vision. Three‐dimensional endoscopy has been welcomed due to the promise of improving stereopsis.MethodsProspective randomized study of junior doctors with minimal endoscopic experience, using both two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional, zero‐degree, 4‐mm Storz endoscopes. Data was collected using validated, standardized training models, both objectively and subjectively. Paired comparisons between v… Show more

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Cited by 8 publications
(9 citation statements)
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References 16 publications
(56 reference statements)
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“…23 However, the use of this "insect eye" technology was associated with unwanted user side effects and eye strain. 21,23 In 2016, Storz introduced the TIPCAM 3D endoscope, which provided a more "physiologic" stereopsis for minimally invasive skull base surgery through the endonasal corridor. 24 Despite precedent supporting primary endoscopic repair of the dural layer after tumor resection associated with highflow CSF communication, 3,4,6-8 EDS is not routinely Abbreviations: 2D, two-dimensional; 3D, three-dimensional.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…23 However, the use of this "insect eye" technology was associated with unwanted user side effects and eye strain. 21,23 In 2016, Storz introduced the TIPCAM 3D endoscope, which provided a more "physiologic" stereopsis for minimally invasive skull base surgery through the endonasal corridor. 24 Despite precedent supporting primary endoscopic repair of the dural layer after tumor resection associated with highflow CSF communication, 3,4,6-8 EDS is not routinely Abbreviations: 2D, two-dimensional; 3D, three-dimensional.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[19][20][21] While these models were too bulky for endonasal surgery, 22 in 2012, a smaller 3D endoscope was introduced by Visionsense (Petah Tikva, Israel) that utilized a microscopic array of lenses positioned over a single video chip to mimic the compound eye of arthropods. 23 However, the use of this "insect eye" technology was associated with unwanted user side effects and eye strain. 21,23 In 2016, Storz introduced the TIPCAM 3D endoscope, which provided a more "physiologic" stereopsis for minimally invasive skull base surgery through the endonasal corridor.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Based on the movement of the endoscope, the assessment of relative proportions, anatomical knowledge, and parallactic displacement, experienced surgeons transform 2-dimensional images into mental 3-dimensional information. Up to now, the specific advantages of the 3D systems are seen mainly in the lab [90,91]. One disadvantage is the sensitivity to soiling of the lenses, especially in narrow cavities (e. g. anterior ethmoid) which leads to deterioration or even loss of the 3D impression.…”
Section: Endoscopic Microscopic and Conventional Sinus Surgerymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…With direct comparison experiments between 2D and 3D endoscopic tasks, the 3D endoscope shows significant performance improvements [3]. For the training of endoscopic surgery, the 3D endoscope also shows measurable advantages for novice users, and highlights potential tailoring of future surgical training [4]. With the same 3D endoscope for image capture, the 3D display system can either be traditional with polarized glasses, or novel without glasses.…”
Section: Objective and Backgroundmentioning
confidence: 99%