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The aim of the current study is to examine the association between employee commitment and job satisfaction at selected private universities in Kurdistan region of Iraq. Organizational commitment predicts work variables, for example, turnover, hierarchical citizenship conduct, and employment execution. A percentage of the elements, for example, part stretch, strengthening, work shakiness and employability, and appropriation of authority have been appeared to be associated with a laborer's feeling of organizational commitment. This research was carried out at the three different private universities. A quantitative method was used to gather relevant information regarding the relationship between organizational commitment and job satisfaction. The results revealed that all three independent factors are correlated with job satisfaction. The result can be used as a guiding method for the university's management to increase their employees' commitment. Job satisfaction has a positive relation with employee commitment if employees are satisfied, they are organizationally committed we found that job satisfaction has a positive impact on employee commitment.

This research investigates students' attitudes towards learning English in Private Universities. Attitude is considered as a necessary component in language learning. Therefore, a positive attitude is considered as one of the important factors that have an impact on language learning. By providing insight into the attitudes of Private Universities students towards learning English, it contributes to the teaching of English as a foreign language. The main purpose of this research is to reveal students' attitudes towards learning English and find out how to make their attitudes positive. Language educators who know how to develop positive attitudes in students will be able to conduct interesting and effective classroom activities; get them to be more successful in learning English. The researcher points out that the main problem is the fact that students in Private Universities are not encouraged to English. This is one of the reasons why they have negative attitudes towards learning English. Students have a perception that they are forced to learn English. This causes them to be unwilling to learn English and develop target language skills. The researcher made use a questionnaire to obtain data about the learners' attitudes and analyse them. The random sampling technique was used. All the first-and second-year students at English department of the college in Private Universities were selected randomly for the study. The English department had 214 first-and secondyear students. The study revealed the fact that students have negative attitudes towards learning English in terms of emotional, behavioural and cognitive aspects. Thus, the first hypothesis is supported. As there is a statistically significant difference in Private Universities students' attitudes towards learning English language by gender, the second hypothesis is supported. The third hypothesis is supported by the fact that there is a statistically significant difference in Private Universities students' attitudes towards learning English language according to the duration of the study. According to the correlation test, the researcher came to the conclusion that there is correlation between three attitude factors: cognitive, behavioural and emotional. According to the correlation test, the researcher found out that cognitive has negative correlation (r=.-.249 **, p<0.01) with Behaviour. Concerning the negative of the linear relationship is moderately strong between cognitive and behaviour, cognitive has negative correlation (r=.-.330 **, p<0.01) with Emotional.

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The purpose of this research is to investigate the current situation of internal communication in the maintenance department in the cement industry. In most organizations, employees and managers have struggled with the thought of attempting to solve weak and bad communication between the two parties which mostly cause issues to an organization, whether in performance or cost wise. This research was carried out at the maintenance department in Cement Company. A quantitative method was used to gather relevant information regarding a study of internal communication in maintenance department in cement industry. The research findings were supported that current management at Cement industry implementing team meetings effectively. The current management at Cement industry is creating and using online-printed communications tools, organizing regular events. The research findings were supported that current management at Cement industry using online tools for internal communication. In terms of notice board communication, the researcher was not able to find any link between company's' standard as a fact of internal communication method and respondent's perception as research findings. At this point the researcher was able to point out the gap between this study and the fact of internal communication at maintenance department in Cement industry. According to the findings the researcher was able to find out the gap between site visit communication between perception and the fact. Concerns of face-to-face communication method, also, was not found in the standard of internal communication at cement industry. Accordingly, the researcher was able to point out the gap between face-to-face communication method as a fact and respondents' perception according to the research findings. The current management at Cement industry is establishing a regular, transparent communication with all employees covering the entire organization. The research findings were supported that current management at Cement industry implementing network communication effectively.

In the contemporary society, depression, anxiety, and stress are much more common than it was in history. The recent studies have outlined that the young adults are experiencing depression and anxiety disorders that is affecting their emotional and mental well-being. Aim of this co-relational survey model study is to investigate the impact of anxiety, depression and stress on emotional stability in terms of gender, age, year of study, department and place they stay. The study adapted pre-designed questionnaires to collect data. The sample of the study consists of approximately 260 undergraduate university students from University of Sulaymaniyah in Northern Iraq. The researcher adapted two scales first Henry and Crawford scale that call DASS for measuring the level of anxiety, depression, and stress and second one to measure Emotional stability using a self-reported scale. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 22 to find result for this thesis. The results of the study outlined that there is a negative but significant correlation among depression, anxiety, and stress with emotional stability. Also there is no significant relationship between emotional stability in terms of gender and age, other findings of the study show that DASS has no significant relationship with age, and year of study and place of stay in generally, but there a significant difference between DASS in terms of gender and department.