Hyperbranched polymers (HPs) are a subclass of dendritic polymers, having globular and highly branched structure, containing a number of functional groups emerging from a core. The core contains more than two functional sites where the growing branches are connected, resulting in the formation of a 3D macromolecule comprising a large number of peripheral groups. Their versatile properties and facile structural modifications have attracted considerable attention of researchers. HPs have been used in various applications such as coatings, drug delivery, nanotechnology, additives, sensors, solar cells, an so forth. Thus, this review emphasizes recent structural modifications of HPs that result in enhancement of existing or newly emerging properties. In addition, these modifications have broadened the use of HPs in various advanced technologies such as biological applications, storage devices, energy convertors, catalysis, and so forth, which have not been covered in earlier reviews. Furthermore, this article discusses the limitations associated with their fabrication and application in various fields.

Globular structured oleo alkyds possess low viscosity, good fluidity, and play an important role in the generation of volatile organic compound (VOC) free paints and coatings. Soya oil (SO), an abundant, inexpensive, renewable, and sustainable material is one of the examples of such oleo alkyd precursors that meets the requirement of green chemistry. The present work reports the synthesis of hyperbranched soya alkyd based nanocomposite coatings and their corrosion inhibition efficiency. Hyperbranched alkyd (HBA) was synthesized using SO, pentaerythritol, and phthalic anhydride. The magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were dispersed via sonication in butylated melamine formaldehyde (BMF) modified HBA (HBA–BMF) to formulate the nanocomposite (HBA–BMF–Fe3O4) anticorrosive coatings. The ASTM methods were used to evaluate structural, morphological, physicomechanical, thermal, electrochemical, and anticorrosive properties of these coatings. The HBA has a globular structure with the good degree of branching (DOB = 0.69). HBA–BMF and HBA–BMF–Fe3O4 nanocomposite coatings showed good flexibility and physicomechanical properties. The inclusion of Fe3O4 nanoparticles enhanced the load bearing capacity of nanocomposite coatings by dissipating the instantaneous energy in scratch and impact tests. Electrochemical corrosion studies revealed that the HBA–BMF–Fe3O4 nanocomposite coatings exhibit superior corrosion resistance performance (impedance = 107 Ω and corrosion rate 1.0 × 10–4 mils per year (mpy) than that of HBA–BMF and other similar reported coating systems.

RGO dispersed waterborne soy polyester amide nanocomposites were formulated utilizing a solventless VOC free green approach for use as low cost anticorrosive coatings.

The waterborne soya alkyd (WSA) and its RGO dispersed nanocomposites (WSA-RGO) were synthesized via ex situ polymerization using a solvent-less green approach. The soya oil monoglyceride was used as precursor for waterborne alkyd. The synergistic effect of nanofillers and poly melamine coformaldehyde isobutylated solution modified organic matrix (WSA) on physicomechanical and corrosion inhibition of these coatings on finally polished carbon steel (CS) was investigated. Their physicochemical, physicomechanical, and thermal properties were analyzed using standard protocols. The electrochemical corrosion measurements of these coatings were performed using Potentiodynamic Polarization and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. The aforementioned studies revealed that the nanocomposite coatings exhibit promising corrosion protection performance which is evident from the i corr, E corr, impedance and phase angle values of coatings (i.e., i corr 7.736 × 10–9 Acm–2, E corr −0.191 V, impedance ∼107 Ω cm2, and phase angle 86°). These results suggest that the proposed waterborne nanocomposite coatings exhibit superior corrosion protection property than those of other such earlier reported systems.

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Polymers are long-chain, highly molecular weight molecules containing large numbers of repeating units within their backbone derived from the product of polymerization of monomeric units. The materials exhibit unique properties based on the types of bonds that exist within their structures. Among these, some behave as rubbers because of their excellent bending ability, lightweight nature, and shape memory. Moreover, their tunable chemical, structural, and electrical properties make them promising candidates for their use as sensing materials. Polymer-based sensors are highly utilized in the current scenario in the public health sector and environment control due to their rapid detection, small size, high sensitivity, and suitability in atmospheric conditions. Therefore, the aim of this review article is to highlight the current progress in polymer-based sensors. More importantly, this review provides general trends and challenges in sensor technology based on polymer materials.

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