The present study reports the formulations of biocompatible nanocomposite hydrogels using chitosan (CH), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), oleo polyol, and fumed silica (SiO 2 ) via a free radical polymerization method for anti-cancer drug delivery. Structural, morphological, and mechanical analyses were conducted using FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and rheological techniques. The effect of SiO 2 concentration on mechanical strength, swelling ratios, morphological, and drug delivery behavior was investigated. The incorporation of SiO 2 nanoparticles in hydrogels resulted in a significant enhancement in its properties. MTT assay of human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) and human colon (HCT116) cancer cell lines was conducted for up to 48 h to evaluate biocompatibility and cytotoxicity. These studies confirmed the biocompatible nature of nanocomposite hydrogels. Cisplatin-loaded nanocomposite hydrogels exhibit sustained release as compared to free cisplatin at pH 4.0 and pH 7.4. The in vitro cytotoxicity test of cisplatin-loaded hydrogels using the HCT116 cancer cell line indicates that these hydrogels successfully inhibit the growth of HCT116 cancer cells. The results of in vitro tests for drug loading, sustained release, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and anti-proliferative activity of cisplatin-loaded nanocomposite hydrogels suggest that, in the future, they may find applications in the development of topical (in vivo, in the form of tablets) drug delivery systems.
Nanocomposite
hydrogels have found a wide scope in regenerative
medicine, tissue engineering, and smart drug delivery applications.
The present study reports the formulations of biocompatible nanocomposite
hydrogel films using carboxymethyl cellulose-hydroxyethyl cellulose-acrylonitrile-linseed
oil polyol (CHAP) plain hydrogel and Na-montmorillonite (NaMMT) dispersed
CHAP nanocomposite hydrogel films (NaCHAP) using solution blending
technique. The structural, morphological, and mechanical properties
of resultant nanocomposite hydrogel films were further investigated
to analyze the effects of polyol and NaMMT on the characteristic properties.
The synergistic effect of polyol and nanofillers on the mechanical
strength and sustained drug-release behavior of the resultant hydrogel
films was studied, which revealed that the increased cross-link density
of hydrogels enhanced the elastic modulus (up to 99%) and improved
the drug retention time (up to 72 h at both pHs 7.4 and 4.0). The
release rate of cisplatin in nanocomposite hydrogel films was found
to be higher in CHAP-1 (83 and 69%) and CHAP-3 (79 and 64%) than NaCHAP-3
(77 and 57%) and NaCHAP-4 (73 and 54%) at both pHs 4.0 and 7.4, respectively.
These data confirmed that the release rate of cisplatin in nanocomposite
hydrogel films was pH-responsive and increased with decrease of pH.
All nanocomposite hydrogel films have exhibited excellent pH sensitivity
under buffer solution of various pHs (1.0, 4.0, 7.4, and 9.0). The
in vitro biocompatibility and cytotoxicity tests of these films were
also conducted using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium
bromide) assay of human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) and human breast
cancer (MCF-7) cell lines up to 48 h, which shows their biocompatible
nature. However, cisplatin-loaded nanocomposite hydrogel films effectively
inhibited the growth of human breast MCF-7 cancer cells. These studies
suggested that the proposed nanocomposite hydrogel films have shown
promising application in therapeutics, especially for anticancer-targeted
drug delivery.
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