Acne vulgaris is the most common disorder treated by dermatologists. Acne is a disease of pilosebaceous units characterized by the formation of the open and closed comedones, papules, pustules, nodules and cysts. A preliminary trial was conducted in the department of Medicine, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India, to assess the safety and efficacy of a Polyherbal Unani Formulation (PHUF) in the management of Acne Vulgaris on scientific parameters. Twenty five patients, diagnosed with acne, were included in the study after obtaining their informed consents. All the patients were clinically assessed and diagnosed on the basis of thorough history and dermatological examination. Then, PHUF was administered locally once at night for a period of 45 days. The severity of acne and efficacy of treatment was assessed by Cook′s acne grading scale. The results showed significant reduction in the Cook′s acne grading scores of post-treatment group (P<0.01) as compared to pre-treatment scores. Further, PHUF was found safe and fairly well accepted by the patients. It was therefore, concluded that PHUF can be used safely and effectively for the treatment of acne vulgaris.
Water is a scare resource in the region of Middle East especially in Kuwait, where it has limited rainfall and natural ground water. Thus, Kuwait depends more than 90% on non-conventional water sources such as the seawater desalination, whereby the seawater is converted into fresh water through the desalination process. The desalination plants have been proven to supply sufficient amounts of fresh water throughout the years; however, some recent studies in Kuwait show a large amount of water leakages in the water pipeline network (WPN) and intermediate storage units. The wasted amount of water is very high if we consider the cost of producing water through the desalination process that it is roughly around 0.75 to 1.00 dollar per a cubic meter. Also, the up-to-date layout documentation of WPN is unavailable, where this situation poses a challenging problem in monitoring and inspecting WPN. This paper offers three contributions. First, we present a statistical analysis of the water production and consumption and the current status of WPN in Kuwait. Second, we describe an analytical approach to explore WPN based on the analogy between the computer network discovery and WPN discovery, wherein both the networks are viewed as a graph comprising of links and connectors. Third, we propose an integrated WPN discovery system that it deploys smart devices such as mobile robots to discover and validate the layouts of WPN. The manual detection of leakage is limited to surface pipelines, whereas the traditional techniques for passive detection of underground leakage are labor-intensive and very expensive. Thus, the proposed integrated WPN discovery system offers economical, long-term management and planning benefits over the manual inspection.
Water is of basic substance for Human development, the water brought environment, economy, civilization, livelihood provisions and well being for the society. Comprehensively understanding factors affecting the availability of water for household the water consumption behavior are required to be designed for efficient and effective water uses. To address the issue we randomly investigated 200 households in five different populated towns of Quetta city. The primary data was collected through household questionnaire survey and observation. On the other hand, secondary data included books, journal articles and websites. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The findings of this study revealed that type of family, monthly income, major source of water, presence of garden at household and responsible factor of water shortage are significantly correlated with water availability. The survey concludes that the available water resources provided by the government are not enough for the daily household usage resultantly the respondents struggle hard to managed alternative water resources as per their requirement. The paper recommend to bring awareness for the public sector about their right to water and provision of water sources is core responsibly of Government, especially to draw a policy for new constructions of water resources or by the remodeling of water and sanitation systems.
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