Exam anxiety can be term as a mental disorder found in most students. It is a kind of fear and scaredness for which students choose to avoid the feared situations such as exams. A little bit of anxiety is common before and during the examination. Still, it can negatively impact their mental health and academic performances when it is more than the threshold level. The reasons might be expectations and pressure from parents and for competition with other peers. A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students of Dhaka City in Bangladesh to see the status of examination phobia as they were usually going through lots of exam pressure than any other students. A structured questionnaire was used to conduct this study. WATS (West Side Test Anxiety Scale) was incorporated into the questionnaire to assess the phobia and anxiety levels of the students. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were performed for intensive analysis. Medical students must go through several different kinds of exams such as oral examination (viva), written, objective structured practical examination (OSPE), practical, short case, long case; all these things together play a contributing role in the induction of anxiety. More than 30% of students were suffering from moderate to severe examination anxiety, which compelled them to dropout or avoid the potential exams. The findings of this research can contribute significant impact on public health and mental health studies and the mental health professionals can provide policy guideline to the medical student to reduce exam anxiety. Further study needs to be done on a large scale to see a broad-spectrum scenario to assess the severity level of test anxiety and mental health status in the in the COVID-19 pandemic changing situation.
Cessation of the root development occurred by traumatic injury and as a sequence of caries prevents obturation of the root canal during endodontic treatment and subsequent treatment like fixed prosthesis. Thus, the goal of apexification was to obtain an apical barrier to prevent the passage of toxins and bacteria into the periapical tissues from the root canal and to induce an apical barrier against which GP points can be condensed. Apexification has been carried out from long time where calcium hydroxide is the widely used material. Calcium hydroxide gained the widest popularity. It is bactericidal in nature with an alkaline pH that may be responsible for stimulating apical calcification. Despite its widest acceptance, it has some disadvantages including variability of treatment time, difficulty in patients follow up, delayed healing, needs multiple visits to the completion to induction of calcific barrier formation and it weakens the dentin of root. Thus, the scientists and clinicians felt urge to introduce new materials and techniques that will help to the quick resolution of the apical radiolucency and to form the apical barrier. MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate), a recently introduced material is successfully used in the treatment of apexification. Many renowned scientists and clinicians worked on this materials and got very good results. Recently a clinical study has been published showing the effects of a combined medicament prepared by mixing calcium hydroxide with cefadroxil on the resolution and formation of apical barrier. Although it was a multi visits treatment compared to the treatment with MTA but showed promising results in the treatment of apexification in presence or absence of radiolucency. Thus, this review article will expose the recently invented materials and techniques which will provide a helpful guide for the clinicians to perform apexification. This review article has been prepared from the internet information and reviewing the recently published papers and texts. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v9i2.12320 City Dental College J. Volume-9, Number-2, July-2012
:A quasi-experimental study was carried out to assess the knowledge on HIV/ AIDS among women in Boro Chondrail & Barigaon village of Savar district from 19th April to 25th April 2009. A total of 77 women were selected purposively. Baseline data were collected through pretested structured questionnaires by face to face interview. Educational intervention was given and data were collected again using the same questionnaires. Only 49.35% heard the name of HIV /AIDS before the program. Among the respondents 18.42% heard the name of AIDS from television, 5.26% were from radio, 2.64% were from news paper, 5.26% were from sign board and 68.42% were health workers. About the mode of transmission 29.87% said that HIV transmits by sharing syringe & needle, 31.17% answered unsafe physical relation, 16.88% said by blood of infected person, 5.19% knew about vertical transmission and 5.19% said by breast milk before intervention. After intervention 100% said that HIV transmits by sharing syringe & needle, 100% answered unsafe physical relation, 100% told by blood of infected person, 77.92% reported vertically transmission and 88.31% said through breast milk. Majority (70.13%) didn't know about the symptoms of AIDS before intervention. Only 11.69% identified weight loss as symptom of AIDS, 7.79% answered fever & cough, 28.69% told weakness, 1.30% mentioned diarrhoea. After intervention which were improved to 35.06%, 32.46%, 32.46%, 35.06%, 19.48%,19.48% respectively. Before intervention 23.38% believed living in same house with an AIDS patient could infect others, 31.17% believed use same drinking glass and 14.29% believed eating together could infect others. After intervention no one found who believed in myth about AIDS. Among the respondents only 46.75% knew the role of condom in prevention of AIDS before intervention and it became 100% after the intervention. Only 12.58% knew intravenous drug users are the risk group with increased to 93.5% after the intervention. It may be concluded that the knowledge of rural women on HIV/AIDS were not good which raised significantly after the educational intervention.
Periodontitis has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events.Two internet databases were selected in search of appropriate papers for the study purpose: i)the National Library of Medicine,Washington DC,USA (MEDLINE-PubMed) and ii) HINARI Access to Research in Health Program,World Health Organization,Geneva,Switzerland.Both databases were searched from 1985 to 2009.In the past decades, there has been renewed interest in the old hypothesis that infections increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.Atherosclerosis has a major inflammatory component and the main underlying pathological pathway for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Periodontal pathogens may be involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and subsequent coronary heart disease.Periodontal pathogenPorphyromonasgingivalis caused atherosclerosis in experimental animals and have been found in human atherosclerotic lesions.The nature of association is unclear because both periodontitis and CVD share a host of risk factors.Epidemiological studies, mainly observational studies (case-control,cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies) are usually the first to generate association data between exposure and adverse health outcomes. Clinical trials with statistically significant positive outcomes are easy to interpret and indicate that the tested intervention is effective in favorably altering the adverse health outcomes.Available evidences suggest that having periodontitis contributes to the total infection and inflammation burden and may contribute to cardiovascular events in susceptible subjects.The impact of periodontal therapy must be further investigated. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v10i1.13829 City Dent. Coll. J Volume-10, Number-1, January-2013
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a common malignant tumor, carrying a poor prognosis, and despite advances in oncology, this rate has not improved significantly for decades. It has recently been evaluated that the immunologic checkpoint inhibitors become a novel promising strategic immunotherapy in the treatment of metastatic cancer. Therefore, our current review article will discuss the biological role and impact of the immune checkpoint inhibitor in HNC.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.