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The empirical and numerical design approaches are considered very important in the viable and efficient design of support systems, stability analysis for tunnel, and underground excavations. In the present research work, the rock mass rating (RMR) and tunneling quality index (Q-system) were used as empirical methods for characterization of rock mass based on real-time geological and site geotechnical data and physical and strength properties of rock samples collected from the alignment of tunnel. The rock mass along the tunnel axis was classified into three geotechnical units (GU-1, GU-2, and GU-3). The support systems for each geotechnical unit were designed. The 2D elastoplastic finite-element method (FEM) was used for the analysis of rock mass behavior, in situ and redistribution stresses, plastic thickness around the tunnel, and performance of the design supports for the selection of optimum support system among RMR and Q supports for each geotechnical unit of tunnel. Based on results, Q support systems were found more effective for GU-1 and GU-2 as compared to RMR support systems and RMR support systems for GU-3 as compared to Q support systems.

Hypoxemic respiratory failure is the most frequent complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is no longer considered a standalone respiratory infection. It can involve other organs, including kidneys by direct invasion or indirectly through immune activation, cytokine storm, microthrombi and hemodynamic instability. Multiorgan involvement carries a worse prognosis in COVID-19. Tubulopathy is the most frequently reported renal pathology, followed by glomerulopathies. Among the glomerulopathies, immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy is less often reported. Differentiating tubulopathy from glomerulopathy is important from the management and prognostic point of view. Laboratory investigations, including urine microscopy, cannot predict glomerulopathy as a cause of renal involvement. Therefore, it is important to proceed with renal biopsy early to make a definite diagnosis. We report a case of a 33-year-old male who presented three weeks after recovery from COVID-19 with proteinuric acute kidney injury. Subsequent renal biopsy revealed IgA nephropathy.

The geological strength index (GSI) is one of the most exceptional rock mass classification system which is used to evaluate very weak and highly jointed rock mass by different approaches and related to rock mass geomechanical properties including generalized Hoek & Brown constants, deformation modulus, strength properties, and Poisson’s ratio for an appropriate design of tunnels, caverns, and other engineering structures. The distinctiveness of this system over the rock mass rating (RMR), Q-system, and other empirical methods is as follows: it utilized field observations, blockiness of rock mass, and surface joint characteristics during the evaluation process of rock mass and efficiently espoused as an empirical tool for estimation of geomechanical properties of rock mass required for pre-post stability of engineering structures using numerical modeling. This study presents the review of the 19 years of research studies conducted by different researchers about the GSI in a systematic way, i.e., origination, modifications, applications, and limitations. Furthermore, this study will provide a better understanding to field professionals (geologists, mining and civil engineers) about the qualitative and quantitative estimation of the GSI and its application as an empirical estimating tool for an appropriate design of engineering structures in rock mass environments.

The concept of women rights is in fact originated from Islamic jurisprudence although there many debates and arguments on this issue. It is observed that the position of women was ignored since the pre-Islamic customs of the Arabian people in all respects. But after the revelation of the Hoy Quran, it is found that many suras such as the sura An-Nissa, Attin, Al-Mayeda etc.; cover a wide range of women rights. The Christianity, Islam, Hinduism and Communism etc.; emphasizes equal rights to men and women. However, the women rights as guaranteed to the women are not implemented properly due to unconsciousness and ignorance as to the importance of the women, lack of knowledge in Islam etc.; and therefore, the scholars of the Muslim world suggested that the respective government may pass some leading laws empowering the women community such as the Muslim Family Laws Ordinance, 1961; the Muslim Marriage and Divorce Act, 1939; the Family Laws Ordinance, 1985 etc.; which is really significant in this regard. It is being done in the most of the Islamic countries in the world including Pakistan, India, Tunisia, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman, Bahrain etc. The authority should implement the provisions of the International Bill of Human Rights as to the women rights. In Bangladesh, there are some important laws as mentioned above. This study however, examines the potentialities and constraints of the Islamic Family Laws in Bangladesh focusing on the women rights as applied in in the country based on the primary and secondary sources consisting of 25 respondents in the different criteria such as lecturers, students, primary school teachers, common people, business people, lawyers etc.; in Sylhet.

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Oil palm plant by-product such empty fruit bunches (EFB) are not effectively utilized and in many instances had caused severe pollution problems. It has a potential to replace the wood in the production of particleboard in furniture industry. This research aim is to investigate the effects of the chemical treatment on the mechanical properties of the oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) with urea formaldehyde (UF) resin particleboard through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), flexural testthree point bending test and the water absorption test. A single layered oil palm EFB/UF particleboard with the fibres treated with NaOH of 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% concentrations were made. Testing procedure was done in accordance with the American Standard Testing Materials -ASTM 1037 standard for testing wood based fibre and particle panel materials. The SEM images of 1.0% NaOH treated fibre shows a rougher surface indicating that more silica bodies are detached from the EFB surface which improves the mechanical interlocking ability of the fiber. Flexural properties the treated EFB/UF particleboard shows an improved quality compared to the untreated board. There is significant increase of 82% and 81% in the flexural strength and flexural modulus respectively of the 1.0% NaOH treated board from 0.5% NaOH treatment. As for the water absorption rate, the treated particle board shows a decrease in water absorption rate after the treatment.

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