Purpose: Early detection of ovarian malignancy is of great clinical importance. The high mortality rate is due to the difficulties with the early detection of ovarian cancer. Current research attempted to assess the accuracy of Color Doppler Sonography and serum CA-125 level as diagnostic tool of ovarian tumor. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 60 consecutive patients with ovarian tumor attending the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of BSMMU were recruited. Of the study participants 23.3% belong to 16-25 year age group, 20% belong to 26-35 years age group and 23.30% each were of 46-55 years and > 55 years age group. All the patients recruited were from in-patient department and had undergone surgery. Following excision, routine histopathology revealed 43.30% malignant (n=26) and 56.7% (n=34) benign ovarian lesion. Data were collected from the clinical history form and bimanual pelvic examination, serum CA 125 levels, estimation of Resistance index (RI), Pulsatility Index (PI), Novel Index by CDS and post-operative histo-pathological findings were then recorded. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive value of the diagnosis made by CDS, CA125, in the discrimination of the benign and malignant ovarian tumors was calculated. Using Receiver operative characteristics analysis the accuracy of RI, PI, CA 125 and Novel Index in the diagnosis of ovarian tumor (benign or malignant) were assessed. Results: With the Cut-off of <.5, Resistance Index is found to be capable of detecting 92% of malignant cases (sensitivity 91.7), and could detect 89% (specificity 88.9) of benign cases correctly which translates in to 90% accuracy in the diagnosis of ovarian tumor. Predictive values for positive (84.6) and negative (94.1) tests were also found to be quite high. Pulsatility index was found to be moderate accuracy (63.3%) with cutoff <1 for malignancy, however low predictive value for a positive test (38.5) questions its use. Both CA-125 and Novel Index showed similar level of sensitivity and specificity. Although Novel Index is derivative of CA125, Novel Index demonstrated better diagnostic accuracy and negative predictive value. The cutoff for CA 125 was mandated as 83.58. With the value the sensitivity is 76.9% and the specificity is 94.1%. RI is found to be more sensitive in detection of positive cases (Malignant) and CA125 is found to be more accurate in detection of negative cases (Benign). However a combination could be tried to make a better detection. Conclusion: Color Doppler ultra-sonography and CA125 excels in different tasks, the study concludes in favor of concurrent use of the methods for improving efficacy and thus early detection of ovarian malignancy.
The overuse of antibiotics, chemicals and as well as lack of farm biosecurity and good hygiene practices in poultry production are considered to be contributors for occurring foodborne illness and many significant public health threats reported in both developed and developing countries nowadays. Considering the above, a piloted food safety activity was implemented jointly by the Department of Livestock Services and FAO-Food Safety program, Bangladesh in twenty-five selected poultry (broiler) dense subdistricts of the country. Good Agriculture Practices (GAP) and Good Hygiene Practices (GHP) related five (microbial) plus five (chemical) Code of Practices (CoP) were adopted at the farm level (N=500) through farmers’ motivation and intensive participatory training program. It was found that average production cost reduces, the feed conversion ratio decreases and mortality rate decreases that convince increase farm profitability in the best-practiced farms (n=81). In conclusion, Good Agriculture Practices (GAP) and Good Hygiene Practices (GHP) through certifying key control measures can increase profitability in broiler farming and CoP adapted farms found to be less public health hazardous than non-CoP farms in light of food safety and public health grounds. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2018, 2(2), 45-55
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been recognised by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a global health and development threat.1 An accurate, actionable estimate of the AMR burden is needed to priortise resource allocation for strategies to prevent and control AMR including infection control, antimicrobial stewardship and updating strategies. Moreover, a mechanistic understanding of how AMR leads to worse outcomes will inform infection management. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(2): 101-102
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity, and posing significant challenges both in developed and developing countries including Bangladesh. In 2016, of the total 56.9 million global deaths, 71.0%, were due to NCDs. Some 85.0% of premature deaths from NCDs, are in low and middle income countries, where greater burden of undernutrition and infectious diseases exist.1-3 Evidence suggests a higher age specific mortality for NCDs among Bangladeshi population compared to Western populations, which putting burden on healthcare systems. 4 Bangladesh NCD Risk Factors Survey, 2018 showed that among the adult population, the mean salt intake was 16.5 gram per day and the prevalence of dislipidaemia was 28.4 %.5 Sugar consumption also continues to rise, driven by increased intake of beverages, biscuits, sweets and confectionary items. Industrially produced transfat in some food items is also an important issue in the country. Malnutrition is a key risk factor for NCDs. Globally, nearly one in three people has at least one form of malnutrition, and this will reach one in two by 2025, based on current trends.6-8 All forms of malnutrition are caused by unhealthy, poor quality diets. Unhealthy diets that include high sugar, salt and fat intake, malnutrition, and NCDs are closely linked. Not only on the health, malnutrition and diet related NCDs pose a substantial burden on the economy and development. Food systems worldwide face major challenges, such as population growth, globalisation, urbanisation, and climate change. Today’s food systems are broken and do not deliver nutritious, safe, affordable, and sustainable diets; they undermine nutrition in several ways, particularly for vulnerable and marginalised populations. Billions of dollars are spent annually marketing foods high in calories, fats, sugars, and salt, and intake has increased globally, including in low income countries.8 United Nations (UN) is well committed to prevent and control noncommunicable diseases through adopting series of resolutions in its General Assembly. In 2013, Member States of the World Health Organization (WHO) resolved to develop and implement national action plans, in line with the Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases (2013–2020).9 NCDs are also embedded in sustainable development goal (SDG) target 3.4, that is, to reduce by one-third the premature mortality from noncommunicable diseases by 2030. NCDs are also linked to other SDGs, notably SDG 1 to end poverty. In 2017, the WHO Global Conference on Noncommunicable Diseases reaffirmed noncommunicable diseases as a sustainable development priority in the Montevideo roadmap 2018–2030.10 Bangladesh has also developed the Multisectoral Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases 2018-2025, with a three-year operational plan.11 Earlier the country has developed National Nutrition Policy, 2015, Second National Plan of Action for Nutrition, 2016-2025, Dietary Guidelines and other policies, strategies and action plan. The country is putting efforts for the prevention and control of malnutrition and NCDs. Furthermore, to prevent and control the diet related noncommunicable diseases across the life cycle nutrition labelling, re-formulation of food standards with limiting high sugar, salt and fat, and banning industrial transfats; restriction of food advertising particularly marketing of unhealthy foods to children, imposing tax on sugar sweetened drinks, junk food etc. Aimed at behavior change communication, mass-media campaigns, nutritional advice and nutrition education on NCDs in general and diet related NCDs in particular are thus recommended.
not available Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2022; 48(1): 1-2
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