Shaikh Ayaz and Habib Jalib are very renowned figures of Pakistani modern literature. Following the trend, their literary works tend to highlight their contemporary issues. Totalitarianism is a very internationally recognized political dogma which deals with controlling a state with one-man power. In the modern political discourse, it is named as dictatorship. Therefore, the study is concerned with locating the critique of totalitarianism in the poets’ poems. The researchers find the objective of finding the theme of totalitarianism in the comparative manner. The researchers answer the question that how the theme of totalitarianism is dealt with, by both poets comparatively. The research follows the comparative textual analysis method of research and is qualitative in design. The Researchers have examined some similarities and differences between the poets while treating the subject of Totalitarianism. The findings of the study rely on understanding Ayaz as an international totalitarian critic, and Jalib as a national critic. The study is significant to understand Pakistani political literature.
COVID-19 resulted in the digitalization of teaching and learning in Pakistan and across the world. Indeed, online education has become a new normal in the wake of the pandemic. The subject of English literature in Pakistani universities is also being taught online, which has become a hindrance in the development of critical understanding of literature in students. Learning in online classes of English literature can be challenging for them because literature demands an effective discussion on the subject matter. Researcher 1, a student at the Department of English, University of Sindh observed such issues related to the online teaching of English literature. Students faced challenges in understanding literature in online classrooms due to digital illiteracy. This fact motivated the researchers to explore the attitudes and preferences of undergraduate students and measure challenges facing them in online classes in order to provide a way forward. Hence, this study focused on undergraduate online classrooms of English literature of sixteen public sector universities of Pakistan. A quantitative survey of the respondents, who were sampled using the probability sampling technique, was used to collect the primary data. In total, one hundred and fifty-one participants from sixteen Pakistani public sector universities participated in this study. Among them, sixty-five were males and eighty-six were females. All were undergraduate students at the Department of English Literature of their respective university. Their responses were quantified in MS Excel and charts. The quantified data revealed that most of the students wanted more discussion and engagement in online classes of English literature. The results also demonstrated that students supported interactive learning. Moreover, they did not consider the use of digital tools as effective in teaching drama and poetry. However, the online mode of teaching was preferred for teaching short stories and novels. This study can help teachers, students, and policymakers to know what students prefer and do not prefer in online classes. Furthermore, it manifests how their preferences can be transformed into student-centered teaching in the digital domain. Keywords: digital domain, English literature, online classes, pandemic, public sector, universities
This study investigates speech acts of insult in speeches made by members of Provincial Assembly of Sindh, Pakistan using Austin’s (1962) and Searle’s (1969) Speech Acts Theory. This theory implies that language is used to perform acts, such as commanding, requesting, complaining, admiring, apologizing, insulting, and many others. However, in this research, researchers explore why speech acts of insult are performed by the members of Provincial Assembly of Sindh belonging to different political parties. Qualitative analysis of purposively sampled data collected from eleven participants’ speeches, has been conducted to demonstrate how politicians enact speech acts of insult against each other. Findings reveal that the politicians performed speech acts of insult (expressive) when issues related to administration of Sindh and management of its resources (water distribution) were discussed. It is argued that members of the assembly are people’s representatives, and they should behave in a civilized manner and perform civic, polite speech acts.
This study takes place in the realm of psychological literature. It analyzes the autobiography of American Dr. Paul Kalanithi, When Air Biomes Breath. The story revolves around Dr. Kalanithi’s life being a patient of lung cancer at the last stage, IV. The book is marvelous and incredible, life-affirming meditation from this remarkable man, on the subject of difficulty of confronting mortality and the bond between doctor and patient. This is a memoir about his life and disease, combating metastatic lung cancer. He shares grief, suffering, turmoil and psychological trauma and its balance point in the book. Similarly, the researchers have inspected the stages of grief Dr. suffered from. For this, Textual Analysis of the book is conducted through Kubler-Ross Model of grief as a theoretical framework. The study is designed descriptively. The selected excerpts from the story are analyzed to reach the research question. The findings of the study reveal that Dr. Kalanithi had deeply suffered from five stages of grief as proposed by Ross, but his circle of grief goes in contrast. He randomly accepted, rejected, became angry and denied, and again accepted this turmoil. Relatively, this study is helpful for understanding the model and the storyline of Dr. Kalanithi in the realm of psychological literature.
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