A BSTRACT Preserving the natural dentition in its normal form and function is one of the major goals of endodontic treatment. Re-establishing the lost vitality and development of root maturation in immature permanent teeth with pulp necrosis/apical periodontitis is quiet challenging clinically. The very basis of regenerative endodontics relies on the concept of tissue engineering using stem cells, biomimetic scaffold, and bioactive growth factors to regenerate the pulp tissue damaged by microbial infection, injury, or developmental defects. In clinical endodontics, this approach is referred to as a “paradigm shift.” Even though repair instead of true regeneration is achieved with current protocols, it is hoped that further research in the area of stem-cell-based tissue engineering will allow for true regeneration and improved treatment outcomes. The aim of this review is to discuss about the various aspects of regenerative endodontics, current clinical protocols, and the future of pulp regeneration techniques.
Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic progressively scarring disease of the oral cavity. Lycopene is a powerful antioxidant obtained from tomatoes and has the highest singlet oxygen quenching capacity and a high capacity of quenching other free radicals in vitro among dietary carotenoids. Hyaluronidase is a substance prepared from the testes and semen of mammals that modifies the permeability of connective tissue through the hydrolysis of hyaluronic acid. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of lycopene and lycopene−hyaluronidase combination, and to compare the efficacy of lycopene and lycopene−hyaluronidase combination in the treatment of OSMF. Study Design: The study consisted of 45 patients with OSMF divided into three equal groups. Patients in Group A were given Lycored 16 mg daily in two equally divided doses for 3 months. Patients in Group B were given LycoRed along with hyaluronidase intralesional injection of 1500 IU twice weekly for 3 months. Patients in Group C were given placebo capsules. Patients were evaluated after 3 months. The following parameters were recorded: mouth opening, visual inspection, palpatory findings, and burning sensation. Results: There was statistically significant change in mouth opening and burning sensation for lycopene and lycopene–hyaluronidase combination than in the placebo group in the treatment of OSMF, but the lycopene–hyaluronidase combination did not show any statistically significant change when compared with lycopene alone. Conclusion: Lycopene appears to be a very promising antioxidant in the management of oral submucous fibrosis, both in clinical and symptomatic improvement.
A BSTRACT Background and Objectives: It has been found that the microorganism behind the failure of root-filled teeth is Enterococcus faecalis , which shows resistance to most of the intra-canal medicaments. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of three intra-canal medications—calcium hydroxide with saline, combinations of calcium hydroxide with 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), and calcium hydroxide with 5% povidone-iodine—against E. faecalis in dentinal tubules of human incisors. Materials and Methods: Forty permanent maxillary central incisors were made into standardized segments and infected with E. faecalis . They were treated with a paste made of calcium hydroxide and 2% CHX, calcium hydroxide and 5% povidone-iodine, and calcium hydroxide and saline for 1 week. Dentinal shavings collected from the canal were suspended in thioglycollate broth solution and spread on brain heart infusion agar. Colony-forming units (CFUs) were enumerated and the CFU per milligram of dentin was calculated. The pH of the medicaments used was measured with the help of pH meter. Results: The results showed that the paste made from calcium hydroxide and 2% CHX was significantly more effective than that made from calcium hydroxide and povidone-iodine, and calcium hydroxide and saline. The addition of CHX or povidone-iodine did not affect the alkalinity of calcium hydroxide. Conclusion: This study concludes that Ca(OH) 2 + 2% CHX are effective against E. faecalis . Combinations of calcium hydroxide and 5% povidone-iodine showed better antibacterial effect than calcium hydroxide and saline. Ca(OH) 2 + saline was ineffective against E. faecalis .
Aim:The aim of this study is to assess the caries risk assessment of 12–13-year-old government and private school going children of Mysore city using Cariogram.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional examination was carried out on a total of 104 government and private schoolchildren aged 12–13 years. Ten factors from the Cariogram software(D Bratthall, Computer software, Malmo, Sweden) were included from study participant's records to complete the Cariogram. The percentage of “chances of avoiding new lesions” (caries risk) among government and private school study participants were obtained from Cariogram, and the participants were classified into five risk groups. Statistical analysis was performed using the software program Statistical Package of Social Science (version 17.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago IL, USA).Results:Findings revealed that there is slight difference in caries risk among government and private schoolchildren, where 48% caries risk development and 52% chance to avoid dental caries were showed in government schoolchildren, and 51% caries risk development and 49% chance to avoid dental caries were showed in private schoolchildren, according to Cariogram. Decayed, missing, and filled teeth component, mutans streptococci, and Lactobacillus counts were slightly higher in private schoolchildren compared with government schoolchildren.Conclusion:The private schoolchildren had less favorable values than government schoolchildren for most of the caries-related factors. Cariogram can be the most modest and reliable tool for caries prediction, thus aiding in identifying different risk groups in a community so that appropriate preventive strategies can be provided to overcome new carious lesion formation.
Aim:The aim of this study was to assess the impact of acidic drink on the microhardness of different esthetic restorative materials. Materials and methods: Sixty samples (20 samples of each group) were prepared. group I: nanohybrid ormocer-based composite, group II: glasiosite compomer, and group III: nanoceramic composite. A cylindrical aluminum mold of 5 mm depth and 10 mm internal diameter was used to prepare the samples. All the esthetic restorative samples were submerged in 25 mL of acidic drink (Coca-Cola) for 10 minutes each day up to 15 days. The microhardness of each sample was measured using a Vickers diamond intender. These values were matched with baseline, 7th day, and 15th day for final microhardness values. Results: The mean surface microhardness of 61.13 ± 0.82 was shown by group I, which was slightly more than that in group II (59.65 ± 1.16) and group III (59.22 ± 1.30). Analysis of covariance did not show any statistically significant difference between the groups. The samples in group III showed the highest reduction in surface microhardness value after immersion into acidic drink, followed by group II and group I on 7th day and 15th day. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) was found on 7th day. Conclusion:The present study concludes that the esthetic restorative material-nanohybrid ormocer-based composite-showed the finest behavior both before and after being dipped in the acidic drink followed next by glasiosite compomer and nanoceramic composite. Clinical significance: The various esthetic restorative materials with different physical characteristics and colors are marketed in numerous ways. Nevertheless, all dental restorative materials show surface degradation under acidic conditions over a period of time. So, it helps to know the surface microhardness changes of various esthetic restorative materials upon repeated exposure to acidic beverages.
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