No abstract
Fish were offered either restricted feeding (5% of body weight or 1% body weight as maintenance requirement) or appetite feeding subdivided into three equal feeds. The best (P<0.05) growth response in terms of final body weight, percent weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) was observed for feeding schedule I (control), for fish fed to appetite throughout. Feeding schedule II showed significantly the highest (P<0.05) growth response in terms of final body weight, percent weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) in comparison with other feeding schedules. Growth rate and food conversion efficiency (FCE) in feeding schedule II were markedly higher during phase II in comparison with phase I. Phase I (0-4 weeks) growth rate slightly increased in fish fed restricted ration throughout (T-II). In contrast, in phase II (4-8 weeks) fish were fed to appetite throughout (T-II) showed a rapid increase in fortnightly growth response and higher growth rates, feed consumption and FCE.
Background– Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is dened as intolerance of glucose seen during pregnancy and is associated with fetal and maternal morbidity. The aim of our study was to measure various fetal sonographic parameters such as fetal biometry, fetal liver length (FLL), amniotic uid deepest pocket (AFDP), placental thickness, inter ventricular (IV) septum thickness, Wharton's jelly area and fetal abdominal fat thickness (FAFT) during 21-24 weeks of gestation and comparison of these parameters between Gestational diabetic and normal pregnant women. Tot Methods: al patients selected in our study were 100 in number, of which 50 had GDM and 50 were normal pregnant women. Fetal standard biometry with additional parameters were measured on transabdominal scan from 21-24 weeks. Fetal sonographic measurements and patients characteristics were measured and compared between two groups. P-value was evaluated along with mean, standard deviation, mean difference and condence interval Patient characteristics and standard fetal Results: biometric parameters were comparable except for femur length (FL), mean femur length was signicantly greater in GDM women compared to normal pregnant women (39.20 ± 0.70 vs. 38.36 ± 1.20, p = 0.001). Mean values in GDM vs. normal pregnent women were, fetal placental thickness in mm ( 42.28 ± 2.09 vs. 33.24 ± 1.70, p = 0.001), amniotic uid maximum vertical pocket in mm (54.96 ± 1.24 vs. 44.46 ± 1.06, p = 0.001), fetal abdomen fat layer thickness in mm (3.59 ± 0.17 vs. 3.46 ± 0.15, p = 0.001), inter ventricular septum thickness in mm (3.71 ± 0.13 vs. 3.63 ± 0.16, p = 0.001), fetal liver length in mm (36.48± 1.15 vs. 31.86 ± 0.90, p = 0.001), Wharton jelly area in mm2 (115.26 ± 1.96 vs. 109.34 ± 4.81, p = 0.001), Fetal sonographic Conclusion: parameters are signicantly increased in GDM women compared to normal pregnant women even before 24 weeks. Measurements of these parameters in routine practice could be used to monitor fetal growth and hence can prevent fatal complications.
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