Scenario of Genotoxicity in Fishes and Its Impact on Fish Industry

Mir, Moslem; Khan, Salma; Bhat, Shabir Ahmed; Reshi, Ahmad Arif; Shah, Fayaz Ali; Balki, M.H.; Manzoor, Rusheeba

doi:10.9790/2402-08626576

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Individual differences in the frequencies of NEA, CEA and SEA in the population suggested the need for reviewing their use as genotoxicity bioindicators to confirm or refute the view that NEA are not good indicators for genotoxicity evaluation (Mir et al, 2014) and that the mechanisms of formation of these NEA are not yet fully understood (Cavas & Ergene-Gözükara, 2003). This is also suggested by the results of our study and by the findings of the…”

Section: Con Clus Ionssupporting

confidence: 50%

“…(2009) regarding the interspecific variations in the baseline MNc and NEA frequencies. Individual differences in the frequencies of NEA, CEA and SEA in the population suggested the need for reviewing their use as genotoxicity bioindicators to confirm or refute the view that NEA are not good indicators for genotoxicity evaluation (Mir et al., 2014) and that the mechanisms of formation of these NEA are not yet fully understood (Cavas & Ergene‐Gözükara, 2003). This is also suggested by the results of our study and by the findings of the authors quoted above: if genotoxicity in aquatic systems is to be examined using fish erythrocytes as in situ aquatic pollution biomarkers, caution must be exerted, taking into account the pathological anatomy results with differential diagnostic exclusion parasitological, viral and other infectious agents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of the frequencies of erythrocyte abnormalities as in situ biomarkers of genotoxic risk of chemicals in special fish stock in water supply reservoirs

Řehulka,

Bradík

2023

Journal of Fish Diseases

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In three water‐supply reservoirs in the catchment area of the Odra River (Czech Republic), a special fish stock was monitored for control of health to estimate the mutagenic effect of chemicals. The results contribute to obtaining initial information about the morphology of erythrocyte abnormalities classified in 21 categories in 17 fish species in reservoirs with abundant salmonids (the Morávka Reservoir) or with the prevalence of cyprinids (the Kružberk and Šance Reservoirs), not directly exposed to the adverse environmental effects such as industrial, urban, agricultural and intensive farming activities. The different intensities and prevalence of nuclear abnormalities (NA) and cytoplasmic abnormalities (CA) in fish from the same reservoir habitat show that to be able to obtain an objective view of the genotoxic risk of chemicals, it is necessary to respect the different requirements of the fish for the exploitation of the food available in the biotope and to subject all representatives of piscivorous, omnivorous and benthophagous fishes in the reservoir to cytogenetic analysis. The occurrence of certain categories of erythrocyte abnormalities in diseased fish draws attention to the need to know the state of health of the fish and to employ this knowledge to exclude parasitological, viral and other infectious agents. These results are the first report of the frequencies of erythrocyte abnormalities in native fish. They should serve to check which of the categories examined could be of use in assessing the genotoxic risk in other stagnant and running aquatic ecosystems affected by anthropogenic activities.

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Section: Con Clus Ionssupporting

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the frequencies of erythrocyte abnormalities as in situ biomarkers of genotoxic risk of chemicals in special fish stock in water supply reservoirs

Řehulka,

Bradík

2023

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…Fishes have a greater ability to metabolize xenobiotics, accumulate pollutants, and are capable of inhabiting practically all zones of the aquatic habitat. In addition, unlike mammals, fish erythrocytes are nucleated and have been shown to be more sensitive to the induction of DNA damages (Mir et al, 2014). These characteristics make them an excellent model for assessing the potential danger of chemicals introduced into the aquatic environment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxic effects of mercury chloride on the Neotropical fish Andinoacara rivulatus (Cichlidae: Cichlasomatini)

Nirchio

Ventimilla

Cordero

et al. 2019

RBT

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Understanding the effects of heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems is of significant importance due to their potential to bioaccumulate at various trophic levels and induce damage in DNA. Mercury is considered one of the most dangerous heavy metals, causing chromosomal breakage (clastogenic event) or spindle dysfunction (aneugenic event), that can lead to the formation of encapsulated chromatin into a separate smaller nucleus, generally referred to as a micronucleus. We evaluated the sensitivity of the micronucleus test in the neotropical cichlid Andinoacara rivulatus (Günther 1860). The fish were divided into four groups of 16 individuals, and each group was placed in separate aquaria (140 L) provided with filtered water and constant aeration. Fish were exposed to mercury chloride (HgCl2) at doses 0.1, 0.25, and 0.50 mg/Kg body weight, administered by intraperitoneal (IP) injection. Fish from the control group were injected with a physiologic solution. The following erythrocyte anomalies were identified: erythrocytes with micronuclei varying to some extent in size and position in the cytoplasm, blebbed nucleus, binucleated cell, nuclei showing a deep invagination toward the center (notched nuclei). Examination of blood smears demonstrated a higher level of micronucleus and notched erythrocytes in fish injected with HgCl2 than in the controls. There were significant differences in the frequency of micronucleated and notched erythrocyte among the groups exposed to mercury. Linear regression analysis revealed a positive relationship between the frequency of micronucleated and notched erythrocytes (P < 0.0001), with a moderately strong correlation coefficient (r=0.737). We propose that, in addition to the two so far known mechanisms of micronucleus formation (spindle apparatus damage and chromosomal ruptures), chromatin fragmentation in notched nuclei resulting from a combination of the cytotoxic effects of mercury and mechanical stress, may be a third mechanism of micronuclei genesis. It is emphasized that although the micronucleus test is a cheap and technically simple method that requires very basic equipment, direct counting of erythrocytes using a microscope is a time-consuming task because it requires counting a high number of cells (a minimum of 1,000 to 2,000 cells) per blood smear, leading to visual fatigue. We recommend, photographing the stained blood smears at several areas at random and scoring the digital images using Adobe Photoshop software as an easy way to evaluate a large number of erythrocytes for minimizing the visual fatigue caused by many hours of direct observation through a microscope

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“…Antioxidant activity obtained is negative, this shows no antioxidant activity in the liver of tilapia, rather it shows antagonistic activity against pyrogalol, or no inhibition process occurs at the end of aquaculture [18]. Oxidative stress due to ambient temperature can cause an increase in free radicals which results in the erosion of antioxidants in the body [19].…”

Section: Superoxide Dismutase Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Telang Leaf Meal as Antioxidant Source in Feed of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Andriani

Ericson

Junianto

et al. 2020

AJRB

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Aims: This study aimed to determine the effective percentage of telang leaf meal on feed to increase antioxidant levels in tilapia liver feed. Study Design: A total of 12 aquariums with sizes 60 x 40 x 40 cm3and volume 96 L prepared and filled with 30 L water. Heater was installed and the temperature was raised slowly until it reached 34℃. Feed in the form of a mixture of telang leaf flour and commercial feed was given 3 times a day according to treatment and with the provisions of 3% of body weight of fish per day. Analysis of antioxidant levels was analyzed from the content of the superoxide dismutase enzyme as an antioxidant bioindicator in the body of the fish. Place and Duration of Study: The cultivation was carried out at Ciparanje Hatchery and Fisheries Area, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Padjadjaran and Dismutase Superoxide Level Analysis was carried out at the Central Laboratory of Universitas Padjadjaran in June and July 2019. Methodology: This research was carried out by giving high temperatures as a source of stress, for 40 days. Tilapia were given a mixture of telang leaf meal as a source of anti-oxidants. At the end of research, Test liver fish taken superoxide dismutase levels were observed and analyzed descriptively. Daily growth and survival rate of fish were analysed using F test at 5% level, and if there were significant differences, Duncan's test was performed. Results: By giving heat stress continuously for 40 days the result is obtained the highest average superoxide dismutase level in treatment B (telang leaf meal 5%) as much -0.92 inhibition and lowest in treatment D (telang leaf meal 15%). A decrease in SOD levels identifies a decrease in antioxidant activity in the body of Tilapia. Daily growth rate obtained showed no significant difference. The fish will continue to grow but not as rapidly, because tilapia utilize protein up to 40% of commercial feed used to repair cells damaged during stressful periods and as a source of energy. Survival of fish decreases with increasing concentration of telang leaf flour, where the feed given has been mixed and resulted in the fish's response to the feed decreases, consequently not only the fish adapted to the environment, fish also adapt to new types of feed. Conclusion: Based on the results of research that has been done then conclusions can be drawn that the addition of telang leaf mealup to 15% in commercial feed by giving heat stress since the beginning of the culture period does not provide an effect of increasing antioxidant levels.

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Scenario of Genotoxicity in Fishes and Its Impact on Fish Industry

Cited by 7 publications

References 68 publications

Study of the frequencies of erythrocyte abnormalities as in situ biomarkers of genotoxic risk of chemicals in special fish stock in water supply reservoirs

Study of the frequencies of erythrocyte abnormalities as in situ biomarkers of genotoxic risk of chemicals in special fish stock in water supply reservoirs

Genotoxic effects of mercury chloride on the Neotropical fish Andinoacara rivulatus (Cichlidae: Cichlasomatini)

Utilization of Telang Leaf Meal as Antioxidant Source in Feed of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

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