<p><strong>Background:</strong> Acne vulgaris is a self-limiting, multifactorial disorder affecting the sebaceous glands and pilosebaceous follicles. Regular wearing of mask during this COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in increased incidence of acne flare. The objective is to study the incidence and the clinic-epidemiological factors associated with mask induced acne.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a cross sectional web-based survey conducted at Madras medical college and Rajiv Gandhi government general hospital during August 2020. The clinic-epidemiological details were collected from the 215 post-graduates of Madras medical college and Rajiv Gandhi government general hospital in a pre-set questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Among 215 study participants, 134 (62.3%) reported mask induced acne. Female gender has a statistically significant association. Itching was the most common complaint. Cheeks, chin and bridge of the nose were the common site of lesions. Comedone and papules were the common presenting lesions. Premenstrual flare and psychological stress had a statistically significant association.</p><p dir="ltr"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Mask induced acne has various factors like micro-climate theory, hydration of keratin, mechanical occlusion of pilosebaceous unit pores, seborrhoea, ambient high humidity due to sweating involved in its pathogenesis. Although wearing a mask is extremely important to our fight against COVID-19, the general public should be aware of proper and rational mask wearing.</p>
Biopsy specitnens of 102 patients with mycetotna were exatnitxed histologically and Madurella mycetomii was found in 29 cases. Four cases of mycetoma pedis and a single case of tnycetotna of the hand from which M. mycetomii has been isolated in culture are described, ln all cases, the characteristic black granules were seen.The geographic distribution of the organistn and its incidence and prevalence in India are discussed.
<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The optimal treatment guidelines for psoriasis using biologics are limited. In addition to this, the administration of the original biologic may be terminated or switched to another biologic due to inefficacy, adverse effects, and economic burden. Our objective is to compare demographic characteristics between switched and non-switched groups and to identify the reason for switching among various original biologics in our setup.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of psoriatic patients on biologic treatment. Our analysis involved 42 patients, of which 19 were switched to the second biologic. The demographic characteristics and reason for biologic switching were noted and data analyzed between switched and non-switched groups.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> First line therapies were infliximab (IFX, n=10), etanercept (ETN, n=21), secukinumab (SEC, n=11) and switching required in 3 (30%), 11 (52%), 5 (45%) patients respectively. The reason for switching, in general, in our setup is inefficacy (n=10; 53%), non-availability (n=8; 42%) and adverse event (n=1; 5%). Small number of patients, single-centre study and retrospective design were the limitations.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Infliximab showed the least tendency to switch to the second biologic, however, it had adverse reactions. Inefficacy is the primary cause of switching. To the best of our knowledge, our study on Biologics switching is the first of its kind in the Indian scenario.</p>
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