In this paper, large-scale intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system is considered in the presence of channel uncertainty. To maximize the average sum rate of the system by jointly optimizing the active beamforming at the BS and the passive phase shifts at the IRS, while satisfying the power constraints, a novel robust beamforming design is proposed by using the penalty dual decomposition (PDD) algorithm. In each iteration of this algorithm, the optimal solution for each variable can be obtained with closedform expression. The convergence of this algorithm is also proved. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves high performance with very low computational complexity.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.