Finding the energy levels of a quantum system is a significant task, for instance, to characterize the compatibility of materials or to analyze reaction rates in drug discovery and catalysis. In this paper we investigate quantum metrology, the research field focusing on the estimation of unknown parameters investigating quantum resources, to address this problem for a three-level system interacting with laser fields. The performance of simultaneous estimation of the levels compared to independent one is also studied in various scenarios. Moreover, we introduce the Hilbert-Schmidt speed (HSS), a mathematical tool, as a powerful figure of merit for enhancing the estimation of the energy spectrum. This measure can be easily computed, since it does not require diagonalizing the density matrix of the system, verifying its efficiency to enhance quantum estimation in high-dimensional systems.
Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA) engineering is a significant component in the quantum two-mode squeezed radar (QTMS), to enhance, for instance, radar performance and the detection range or bandwidth. In this study, we apply quantum theory to a research domain focusing on the simulation of QTMS radar. We simulate a proposal of using engineered JPA (EJPA) to enhance the performance of a QTMS radar. We define the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and detection range equations of the QTMS radar. The engineered JPA leads to a remarkable improvement of the quantum radar performance, i.e. a large enhancement in SNR of about 6 dB more than the conventional QTMS radar (with respect to the latest version of QTMS radar, and not to classical radar), a substantial improvement in the probability of detection through far fewer channels. Finally, we simulate signal transmission to target in QTMS radar and achieve a huge increase in QTMS radar range, from half a meter in the conventional JPA to 482 m in the current study.
Determining the energy levels of a quantum system is a significant task, for instance, to analyze reaction rates in drug discovery and catalysis or characterize the compatibility of materials. In this paper we exploit quantum metrology, the research field focusing on the estimation of unknown parameters exploiting quantum resources, to address this problem for a three-level system interacting with laser fields. The performance of simultaneous estimation of the levels compared to independent one is also investigated in various scenarios. Moreover, we introduce, the Hilbert-Schmidt speed (HSS), a special type of quantum statistical speed, as a powerful figure of merit for enhancing estimation of energy spectrum. This measure is easily computable, because it does not require diagonalization of the system state, verifying its efficiency in high-dimensional systems.
In this paper, we analyze the purity and decoherence effects in quantum two-mode squeezed (QTMS) radar as a function of the squeezing parameter and temperature, using quantum information processing tools. The squeezing parameter is an important key to improving the performance of the QTMS radar. We investigate the response to the squeezing parameter controlling to system state of the QTMS radar. In this work, we deal with the QTMS radar with two cases of the transmitted signal, the presence or the absence of the target. The squeezing parameter controls the power of the generated signal and idler, the correlation between signal and idler, as well as the coherence and state of the system. We show that the decoherence effects are low at low temperatures, low squeezing parameters, and low power. In addition, we demonstrate that the purity and, consequently, the coherence of the QTMS radar are better when the target is absent than when it is present. However, the coherence and purity are maintained at high temperatures in both cases. In addition, by calculating the entropy of formation as a tool to investigate the qualitative behavior of entanglement in QTMS radar, we show that the behaviors of purity and entropy are similar. Finally, we show that the proportion of received photons in the QTMS radar is an important factor in improving the radar performance.
In this study, we exploit quantum information processing, the research field focusing on quantum two-mode
squeezed (QTMS) radar and quantum illumination (QI), to investigate the qualitative behaviors of entanglement, the entropy of formation, and squeezing in these protocols. We use logarithmic negativity to investigate
entanglement between the signal and idler and propose strategies to maintain entanglement at room temperature
in both protocols. We also calculate the entanglement, squeezing, and entropy for the QTMS radar when the
target is present and the signal is transmitted to the target. In addition, by controlling the squeezing parameter
which is a tool to control entanglement, entropy, and squeezing, the performance of the QTMS radar can be
improved, so this work shows how it is implemented in practice. In both protocols, entanglement is maintained
by considering conditions. Since the squeezing parameter controls both signal and idler power and the correlation between them, therefore, the qualitative behavior of squeezing in the QTMS radar and QI is also studied in
this research. The significant result obtained from the QI is that the entanglement maintains at high power, low
temperature, and high correlation between signal and idler. In contrast, in the QTMS, the entanglement survives
when the correlation and power are low, even at room temperature.
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