No abstract

Women with chronic medical conditions require careful contraceptive management. The aim of this cross-sectional study in Tehran was to determine the pattern of contraception use by women with diabetes, hypertension or obesity. A sample of 264 women aged 18-53 years old was recruited; 81 (30.7%) had diabetes type 2, 100 (37.9%) were obese/overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m 2 ) and 83 (31.5%) had hypertension. Across all 3 groups, the rate of use of contraceptive methods was significantly different before and after diagnosis. Before diagnosis of disease the most common method was hormonal contraception in all women (55.0%, 71.6% and 78.3% of diabetic, overweight and hypertensive women respectively), whereas after diagnosis coital withdrawal was the most common method in diabetic and obese/overweight women (41.2% and 28.0% respectively) and almost the most common method for hypertensive women (35.4%). Use of safe and modern methods of contraception in women with certain chronic medical conditions was low and needs more attention. Utilisation de la contraception chez des femmes iraniennes hypertendues, diabétiques ou obèsesRÉSUMÉ Les femmes atteintes d'affections médicales chroniques ont besoin d'une prise en charge prudente de leur contraception. L'objectif de la présente étude transversale menée à Téhéran était de déterminer les tendances dans l'utilisation de la contraception chez des femmes diabétiques, hypertendues ou obèses. Un échantillon de 264 femmes âgées de 18 à 53 ans a été recruté ; 81 femmes (30,7 %) étaient atteintes d'un diabète de type 2 tandis que 100 femmes (37,9 %) étaient obèses/en surpoids (IMC > 25 kg/m 2 ) et 83 (31,5 %) souffraient d'hypertension. Dans l'ensemble des trois groupes, le pourcentage de recours à des méthodes contraceptives après la pose du diagnostic a considérablement changé par rapport au pourcentage relevé avant. Avant le diagnostic de l'affection, la méthode la plus fréquente était hormonale chez l'ensemble des femmes interrogées (55,0 %, 71,6 % et 78,3 % des femmes diabétiques, en surpoids et hypertendues, respectivement), alors qu'après la pose du diagnostic, le retrait coïtal était la méthode la plus fréquente chez les femmes atteintes diabétiques et obèses/en surpoids (41,2 % et 28,0 % respectivement) et presque la méthode la plus fréquente chez les femmes hypertendues (35,4 %). L'utilisation de méthodes de contraception sûres et modernes chez les femmes atteintes de certaines affections chroniques était faible. Le sujet mérite que l'on y accorde davantage d'attention.‫املتوسط‬ ‫لرشق‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫املجلة‬ ‫عرش‬ ‫التاسع‬ ‫املجلد‬ ‫السابع‬ ‫العدد‬ 639

Introduction: Since its introduction as a marker of insulin resistance, the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has increasingly been used in biomedical literature. However, the TyG index formula seems to be calculated in two different ways, which may consequently produce some confusion regarding the normal cut-offs and cause potential errors in comparing different data. This study tries to explore this discrepancy. Materials and Methods: The TyG index was simulated for different ranges of triglyceride (TG) and fasting blood sugar (FBS). The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for the TyG index. The results were limited to articles that have mentioned the FBS and TG values. The TyG index was recalculated and compared using the reported FBS and TG values in two different ways. Results: The simulated and reported normal cut-off values for the TyG index in the literature were roughly around 4 and 8. This discrepancy was due to different method of calculating the TyG index, and independent from factors such as age, gender and ethnicity of sampled population. Conclusions: In the TyG index formula, the division sign must be moved out of the square bracket. Otherwise, the normal range must be considered around 8. If the normal value of TyG index is reported as 4, its calculation should be referred to a corrected form of the original formula e.g. ln[FBS(mg/dl) × TG (mg/dl)]/2.

Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between viral load and the incidence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction (OD and GD), the incidence of respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms and the recovery of OD and GD in COVID-19 patients.Design: A retrospective cohort study. Setting and Participants:This study was conducted on 599 outpatients' cases in Golestan province between February and June 2020. Main Outcome Measures:The incidence, severity (complete or partial) and recovery time of OD and GD and their associations with cycle threshold (CT) values of SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction were assessed. Results:The mean age of patients was 38.27 ± 13.62 years. The incidence of general symptoms included myalgia 70.1%, headache 51.8%, fever 47.7% and dyspnoea 21.4%. 41.9% of patients had gastrointestinal symptoms, including abdominal pain 26.5%, diarrhoea 25.2%, nausea 20.5% and vomiting 12.9%. 12.2% of patients had comorbidity. The trimester recovery rates of OD and GD were 93.94% and 94.74% respectively.The mean recovery time of OD and GD was 14.56 ± 13.37 and 13.8 ± 3.77 days respectively. The mean CT value in all patients was 27.45 ± 4.55. There were significant associations between the mean of CT value with headache (p = 0.04), GD (p = 0.002) and OD (p = 0.001). Conclusions:The finding of this study indicates a possible association between viral load with incidence of OD and GD in COVID-19 patient's cases and assures the recovery of OD/GD in these patients.