Background & aim: One of the emergencies of pregnancy is preeclampsia and eclampsia, which due to its complications, rapid diagnosis and treatment of these diseases is recommended. Preeclampsia is the third leading cause of maternal mortality in the world. Timely identification of this disorders and its risk factors in different areas can be useful in diagnosing, treating, and preventing its complications. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of preeclampsia, eclampsia and related factors in pregnant women who referred to the maternity ward of Imam Sajjad Hospital in Yasuj.Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. The study population is pregnant women who referred to the maternity ward of Imam Sajjad Hospital in Yasuj in 2016.All pregnant women who had been admitted to Imam Sajjad Hospital, Yasuj, from April 2016 to the end of March 2017 with pre-eclampsia, had entry criteria that included: visits by a gynecologist, routine maternity care and Laboratory diagnostic tests were performed and after registering their profile, parameters related to their condition including complications of preeclampsia, clinical condition, recovery, and other items needed to achieve the goals of the study were recorded from the records of doctors and observations of doctors and nurses. Collected data was analyzed using Chi-square, Accurate and Fisher tests. Results:The prevalence of pre-eclampsia was estimated to be 4.9%. No significant relationship was seen between the prevalence of preeclampsia, previous history of preeclampsia and blood pressure (p=0.07). It was also revealed that the prevalence of preeclampsia was higher in women with the first pregnancy and it decreases with increasing number of pregnancies. The result of this study indicated that the prevalence of cesarean section with preeclampsia is higher than in normal delivery. Conclusion:The prevalence of preeclampsia in Yasuj was 4.92. it was concluded that the preeclampsia prevalence in Yasuj in 2016 is similar to that of the studies conducted around the world and our country. Although, it seems that hospitalization of pregnant mothers due to preeclampsia is not concern among other problems. Due to prevalence of preeclampsia and its complications and since prevention of this disorder is not currently possible in pregnant women therefore, timely and appropriate care should be taken during pregnancy for diagnosis in time and prevent adverse effects.
Background: The application of plumbagin (PLN), with a wide use in pharmaceutical science, is limited due to its low water solubility and poor bioavailability. Micelles can encapsulate hydrophobic drugs due to their hydrophobic core. The aim of this study was to develop and characterize a polymeric micelle formulation of PLN and evaluate its in vivo anti-plasmodial property. Methods: The study was conducted at Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran in 2018. The triblock copolymeric micelles of PLN was prepared by e-caprolactone ring-opening polymerization, by PEG as the macroinitiator and using Sn(Oct)2 for its catalytic properties . The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR, GPC, AFM, and DLS. The encapsulation efficiency, drug loading capacity, and drug release were measured by UV-Vis at 520 nm. Also in vivo anti-plasmodial potential of fabricated drug loaded micelle was investigated using the 4-day suppressive test against Plasmodium berghei infection in mice. Results: The nanoparticles average diameter was obtained less than 80 nm. The loading capacity and encapsulation efficiencies were 18.9±1.3% and 81±0.78%, respectively. In vitro, PLN release studies showed a sustained-release pattern until 7 days in PLN-loaded micelles (M-PLN) and drug release rate in acidic condition was higher than neutral condition. In vivo, anti-plasmodial results against P. berghei displayed an 8-fold increase in anti-plasmodial activity of M-PLN when compared to free PLN at the tested dosage level on the 7th day. Conclusion: Based on these results, PCL–PEG–PCL micelles have a great potential to be the carrier for PLN for the malaria targeting.
Conventional hepatitis B vaccine contains alum but is less effective to induce Th1 response. Selenium nanoparticles and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin were reported as immune modulators. In this study, SeNPs were extracted from Mycobacterium bovis and characterised. SeNPs were mixed with HBs-Ag and administered to the mice to investigate he immune response pattern. With an addition of Se ions at a sub-inhibitory concentration to the Sauton medium broth after 24 h, SeNPs were extracted from M. bovis and characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, atomic forcemicroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrum, transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Furthermore, female inbred BALB/c mice were injected subcutaneously on the first, 14th, 28th day with 100 and 200 µg doses of that SeNPs supplemented with HBs-Ag vaccine. Later, the total antibody, isotypes of Immunoglobulin G1, Interlukin 4, and interferon-γ were measured by enzye-linked immunosorbent assay. The size of the SeNPs was <150 nm. Level of total antibody and immunoglobulin G2a increased significantly in the group that received 200 µg/ml nano selenium extracted from M. bovis. SeNPs in dose of 200 µg coated with organic materials of M. bovis could induce an influential immune response in relation to the conventional HBs-Ag vaccine.
To achieve higher titer of rabies virus higher density of host cells will need. In this study, capability of FibraCel disks packed in 500 mL spinner basket versus Cytodex-1 in 500 mL spinner flask was investigated for propagation of Vero cells and PV rabies virus proliferation. Minimal Essential Medium (MEM) + 10% Foetal Calf Serum (FCS) and Virus Production- Serum Free Medium (VP-SFM) +4 mM L-glutamine were used in growth phase and MEM+ 0.2% Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and VP-SFM were used in virus production phase. Adapted Vero cells grown in VP-SFM were used in all SFM experiments while batch and stepwise perfusion modes were applied and compared in growth stage. The highest Vero cell density were achieved in the trials with 10 g FibraCel disk in stepwise perfusion mode equal to 6.12 x 10(6) and 5.87 x 10(6) cells mL(-1) in MEM and VP-SFM, respectively while with 2.73 g Cytodex-1 lower density equal to 4.2 x 10(6) and 4.0 x 10(6) cells mL(-1) were achieved. The highest titer of rabies virus and overall virus production rate were resulted in VP-SFM and on 10 g disks equal to 2.9 x 10(7) Fluorescent Focus Unit (FFU) mL(-1) and 0.14 FFU/Cell/h, respectively versus 1.7 x 10(7) FFU mL(-1) and 0.08 FFU/cell/h on cytodex-1 in similar conditions. The second harvest of virus was also satisfactory in experiment with 10 g disks (1.7 x 10(7) FFU mL(-1)) in compare to Cytodex-1 (0.51 x 10(7) FFU mL(-1)). An equal surface area at 6600 and 12000 cm(-2) were provided in all comparable trials with seeding density of 12.5 x 10(3) cells cm(-2). Adapted Vero cells grown in VP-SFM were used in all SFM experiments while batch and stepwise perfusion modes were applied and compared in growth stage.
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