Oxycarenus laetus is a seed-sap sucking pest affecting a variety of crops, including cotton plants. Rising incidence and pesticide resistance by O. laetus have been reported from India and neighbouring countries. In this study, O. laetus samples were collected from Bhatinda and Coimbatore (India). Pure mtDNA was isolated and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. Both the samples were found to be identical species (99.9%), and the complete genome was circular (15,672 bp), consisting of 13 PCGs, 2 rRNA, 23 tRNA genes, and a 962 bp control region. The mitogenome is 74.1% AT-rich, 0.11 AT, and − 0.19 GC skewed. All the genes had ATN as the start codon except cox1 (TTG), and an additional trnT was predicted. Nearly all tRNAs folded into the clover-leaf structure, except trnS1 and trnV. The intergenic space between trnH and nad4, considered as a synapomorphy of Lygaeoidea, was displaced. Two 5 bp motifs AATGA and ACCTA, two tandem repeats, and a few microsatellite sequences, were also found. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using 36 mitogenomes from 7 super-families of Hemiptera by employing rigorous bootstrapping and ML. Ours is the first study to sequence the complete mitogenome of O. laetus or any Oxycarenus species. The findings from this study would further help in the evolutionary studies of Lygaeidae.
All Severe incidence of banana leaf roller Erionota spp. has been noticed in banana plantations of Malabar region of Kerala a part of Western Ghat, India. It is currently proposed that banana defoliater E. thrax and E. torus occur together in Kerala and many researchers have treated them as a single species. At present there is no published information regarding whether, one or both the species of Erionota coexist during the occasional outbreak of banana skipper in Kerala.Also it is unknown whether in the field the associated parasitoids attack both species ,equally or showed some preference for one or the other .This information is essential for the implementation of effective biological control programmes against this pest. Since the early stages of E. thrax and E. torus cannot be distinguished easily , and as they are common pests of banana, morphological identification of species is difficult. The present study is aimed to confirm the Erionota species from Malabar region of Kerala by using a molecular genetic approach. We sequenced the partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene sequence (COI ) having 650 base pair DNA from specimens collected from selected localities of Malabar region of Kerala ,India. The COI sequences of the banana skipper supported the existence of E.torus species in the infested areas and all the parasitoid species collected during the course of study where that of E.torus .
Identifying new targets and new drugs has always been a daunting task, especially in cancer research. This studyexamines the binding interaction and the drug-likeness properties of small molecules derived from marine sponge Dysideaherbacea to breast cancer receptors: epidermal growth factor receptor and estrogen receptor. The receptor’s interaction with the ligand was evaluated using the Schrodinger Glide package, and affinities were assessed based on the glide score. Ligand molecules that have higher binding affinity were evaluated further for their ADMET properties using Molinspiration.We found multiple ligands binding to these targets; however, Pyridine 3 carboxyamidewas found to have binding affinity to both the receptors. Compared to the other small molecules,further simulation studies could be taken up to ascertain its structural dynamics and ensuing in-vitro experiments that could prove growth inhibition of breast cancer cells.
Red cotton stainer Dysdercus cingulatus sucks the sap of cotton plant and hence considered as one of the serious pests of cotton across the globe. Gut microbial community of this pest was studied using 16srRNA variable regions (V3 & V4) using Illumina MiSeq technology. Totally 11, 0,797 reads were obtained which were processed using QIIME pipeline. This study resulted in the identification of gut microbiota of D. cingulatus categorized into 34 different phyla, 88 classes, 132 classes, 206 families and 336 genera. Phylum level taxonomic classification identifies bacteria predominantly from Proteobacteria (46.7%), Actinobacteria (25.7%) and Firmicutes (18%). Species from the genus Coriobacterium, Bifidobacterium, Corynebacterium, Klebsiella & Pseudomonas are most abundant in the gut of D. cingulatus. Insights into the gut can help us to understand the role of microorganism which dismantles the plant.
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