Background/Aims: We aimed to discover if L-arginine and selenium alone or together can increase the effect of a hypocaloric diet enriched in legumes (HDEL) on central obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in women with central obesity. Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was undertaken in 84 premenopausal women with central obesity. After a 2-week run-in period on an isocaloric diet, participants were randomly assigned to a control diet (HDEL), L-arginine (5 g/day) and HDEL, selenium (200 µg/day) and HDEL or L-arginine, selenium and HDEL for 6 weeks. Cardiovascular risk factors were assessed before intervention and 3 and 6 weeks afterwards. Results: After 6 weeks, L-arginine had significantly reduced waist circumference (WC); selenium had significantly lowered fasting concentrations of serum insulin and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index; the interaction between L-arginine and selenium significantly reduced the fasting concentration of nitric oxides (NO_x), and HDEL lowered triglycerides (TG) and WC and significantly increased the fasting concentration of NO_x. HDEL reduced high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in the first half of the study and returned them to basal levels in the second half. Conclusion: These data indicate the beneficial effects of L-arginine on central obesity, selenium on insulin resistance and HDEL on serum concentrations of NO_x and TG.

BackgroundThe first-line strategy for the treatment of obesity is weight loss (WL) through decreasing calorie intake. However, a diet that is capable of attenuating fat free mass decline following WL is preferred. Furthermore, it is required to choose proper measurements and appropriate obesity-assessment indices to monitor weight and body composition during WL program.MethodsA total of 68 adults with overweight and/or obesity underwent a WL program (rapid and slow WL). Dependent variables include: weight, resting metabolic rate (RMR), body composition, and related measurements such as waist circumference (WC), waist to height ratio (WHtR), body adiposity index (BAI), a body shape index (ABSI), fat mass to lean body mass (FM/LBM), and percentage body fat (PBF).ResultsObesity measurements decreased in both groups (all P < 0.05) while LBM and RMR decreased more in the rapid WL group (P < 0.05). After age and sex adjustment, a robust correlation was observed between FM/LBM and PBF (r = 0.918), LBM% and PBF (r = -0.949), LBM% and FM/LBM (r = -0.904), WHtR and WC (r = 0.986), and BAI% and HC (r = 0.986) (P < 0.001 for all correlations). FM has the highest correlation with WHtR among other indices (r = 0.706).ConclusionsCompared to fast WL, our data support that slow and gradual WL is more effective to improve body composition and obesity-assessment indices. The robust relationship was observed between FM and WHtR, among other indices such as BMI or ABSI. Therefore, in order to evaluate FM, where the FM is not measurable, the WHtR might be the reasonable index.

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Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of natural antioxidant formula (blend of herbs: ginger root, cinnamon bark and raw almond fruit powder, rosemary leaf powder, and honey) on oxidative status, antioxidant enzyme activity, and relative heat shock protein (HSP-70) expression in recreational female athletes. Materials and Methods: Eighteen female participants trained for 4 weeks and randomly received either antioxidant formula (FormEX) ( n = 8) or placebo (PlcEX) ( n = 10) in a randomized controlled trial. Blood samples were obtained 1-h before, 1 h and 24 h postexercise to measure malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidases (GPx), and HSP70 mRNA expression. Data analysis was performed using 2 (treatment = grouping factor) ×6 (time = within-factor) repeated measurements analysis of variance or generalized estimating equations (GEE) test. We used the independent t -test to evaluate any significant differences for real-time polymerase chain reaction data. Results: Antioxidant formula increased the relative HSP-70 mRNA expression more than Plc-EX group in all time points ( P = 0.001). The time main effect was significant with regard to TAC and SOD concentrations ( P = 0.001 and 0.002, respectively). However, there were no statistically significant differences between groups for TAC, SOD, and MDA ( P = 0.25, 0.06, and 0.38, respectively). Neither the time main effect for MDA nor time and intervention interaction was not statistically significant for MDA, TAC, and SOD ( P = 0.19, 0.13, and 0.10, respectively). GEE results for GPx showed that there were no significant differences between the groups ( P = 0.11). Conclusion: The results presented herein revealed that natural antioxidant rich formula had variable effects on oxidative status. However, in contrast to many antioxidant supplements, this formulation increases the HSP-70 mRNA expression which might improve the antioxidant ability of cells in the long-term period and exercise-induced adaptation.

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