High density of CD45RO(+) TILs showed independent prognostic significance for OS. This result may help to improve the prognostication of curatively resected stage IV colon cancer.

MicroRNA (miRNA) has a critical effect on tumorigenesis through post-transcriptional modification and is considered to be potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. We evaluated the expression pattern of three selected miRNAs (miR-21, miR-155, and let-7a) to evaluate their potential roles by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using formalinfixed and paraffin-embedded tissues of 63 surgically resected pulmonary neuroendocrine (NE) tumors (19 typical carcinoids (TCs), 6 atypical carcinoids (ACs), 19 large cell NE carcinomas (LCNECs), and 19 small cell lung carcinomas (SCLCs). Control amplification for U6 small nuclear RNA (U6) was performed in all samples. Normalized Ct values were calculated (CtExperimental miRNA-CtU6) for each case and recorded. The expression levels of miR-21 and miR-155 were significantly higher in high-grade NE carcinomas (LCNECs and SCLCs) than in carcinoid tumors (TCs and ACs) (each P < 0.001). The expression level of miR-21 in carcinoid tumors with lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than in carcinoid tumors without lymph node metastasis (P = 0.010). To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to examine the expression patterns of miR-21 and miR-155 as an adjunctive diagnostic tool or clinically relevant biomarkers for pulmonary NE tumors.

The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of chemotherapy or radiation as adjuvant therapy for patients with FIGO stage IB-IIA cervical cancer and surgically confirmed intermediate risk factors. Data were collected from patients with uterine cervical cancer FIGO stage IB-IIA who had adjuvant chemotherapy following radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection (RHLND, cases) or adjuvant radiotherapy following RHLND (controls). The study groups consisted of 38 cases and 42 controls. Adjuvant treatment was given to the patients with a combination of intermediate risk factors including deep stromal invasion (>50%), lymphvascular space invasion, large tumor size (3-6 cm), or close vaginal resection margin (<1 cm). Comparison of the cases with the controls revealed no significant differences in variables studied including median age (P = 0.18), stage distribution (P = 0.30), histologic subtype (P = 0.93), pathologic tumor size (P = 0.46), depth of the stromal invasion (P = 0.29), lymphvascular space invasion (P = 0.50), and close vaginal resection margin (P = 0.62). The difference in disease-free survival rates was not significant (P = 0.68). However, the overall survival analysis was incomplete due to the limited number of events available at the end of the study period. The findings of this study suggest that adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with FIGO stage IB-IIA uterine cervical cancer and surgically confirmed intermediate risk factors may be effective.

The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of treatment strategies in patients with adenocarcinoma (AC) of the cervix and compare it with those with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix. Women with FIGO (1994) stage IB1 AC, especially pathologic tumor size of 2-4 cm, treated with class III hysterectomy, were compared with those with SCC treated with comparable strategy in a case-controlled study. Eighty patients (20 cases, 60 controls) were analyzed. Lymphvascular space invasion (P = 0.01) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.07) were more frequent in patients with SCC than in those with AC. However, there was no significant difference in depth of stromal invasion (P = 0.51) and invasion of the parametrium (P = 0.44) between two groups. And there was also no statistically significant difference in disease-free survival (P = 0.86) and overall survival (P = 0.89) between two groups. Primary radical surgery followed by adjuvant therapy, same as for SCC, would be acceptable for AC with pathologic tumor size of 2-4 cm. Although it was difficult to determine whether AC recurred more systemically, more effective treatment strategies than those currently available for AC should be considered to reduce the systemic recurrence.

The aim of this study was to compare human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) status in primary colorectal cancer and paired liver or lung metastasis. Gene amplification of HER2 has been intensively evaluated in contemporary oncology, especially in breast and stomach cancer. The knowledge of HER2 status in primary and metastatic sites may be of potential value for therapeutic decision making in metastatic colon cancer. The HER2 status was assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 94 colorectal cancer with corresponding liver or lung metastases. HER2 amplification was present in 19 of the 188 (10.1%) of both primary and metastases combined. Four (4.6%) patients showed HER2 amplification in the metastasis and 10 (10.6%) patients showed HER2 amplification in the primary tumor. In 14 cases (14.8%), the HER2 status of the primary lesions was different from that of the associated metastases. The presence of HER2 overexpression in KRAS mutant colon cancer was found in 5.3%. No relationship was found between HER2 expression and KRAS status (P = 0.486). The evidence of HER2 positive metastatic lesion and primary colorectal cancer suggest that HER2 assessment might be considered in selected cases when this may help change the therapeutic decision.

The mutations that occur in the p53 tumor suppressor gene have been studied in various human malignant tumors. However, little is known about this gene in meningiomas. To investigate the relationship and frequency of p53 gene mutations, the p53 polymerase chain reaction-single stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and immunohistochemical study were performed on the 41 intracranial meningiomas (21 benign, 11 atypical, and 9 malignant). The higher the p53 protein expression rate, the poorer the histologic grade (9.5%, 72.7%, and 88.9% in benign, atypical and malignant meningioma, respectively) (p=0.000). The p53 protein expression rate was higher in recurrent meningioma (71.4%) than in nonrecurrent meningioma (10.5%) (p=0.002). PCR-SSCP method was performed in positive p53 protein immunoreactivity cases. p53 gene mutation rate was higher in the atypical (62.5%) and malignant (25%) meningiomas than in the benign meningioma (0%) (p=0.232). Also, the rate was higher in recurrent menigioma (20%) than in nonrecurrent meningioma (0%) (o=0.495). Among five to eight exons of the p53 gene, the mutation was observed on exon 7 more frequently. In conclusion, p53 immunoreactivity and p53 gene mutation are closely correlated with histologic grade and histologic atypia of intracranial meningiomas. p53 gene mutation would be considered as a useful marker to detect the progression of intracranial meningiomas.

In the diagnosis of the presacral epidermoid cyst, sonographic and magnetic resonance imaging findings may be helpful.

The aim of this study is to explore the association of Ki-67 and p53 expression with prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who underwent curative resection. We retrospectively identified 116 consecutive patients with stages I-III NSCLC who underwent curative resection at a single center from January 2007 to December 2012. Ki-67 and p53 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Data on clinicopathologic features and survival were collected retrospectively. Ki-67 expression in 109 samples and p53 expression in 115 patients were analyzed. According to the results, 108 patients (99 %) showed at least some expression of Ki-67. The median Ki-67 expression level was 30 %. Positive p53 expression was observed in 91 (79 %) patients. Higher Ki-67 expression (>40 %) was significantly more frequent in male (26 vs. 4 % in female, p=0.002), ever-smoker (31 vs. 10 % in never-smoker, p=0.024), and non-adenocarcinoma (30 vs. 11 % of adenocarcinoma, p=0.012) patients. In univariable analysis, median disease-free survival (DFS) was shorter with higher Ki-67 expression (16.1 vs. 61.9 months in those with lower Ki-67 expression, p=0.005), and p53 expression did not show an association with DFS. Among 42 patients with stage I NSCLC who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy, DFS was significantly worse in patients with higher Ki-67 expression (2-year DFS rate 57 vs. 88 %, p=0.018). In a Cox regression model, higher Ki-67 expression (>40 %) was a significant independent prognostic factor associated with poorer DFS (HR 2.9, 95 % CI 1.3-6.2) along with TNM stage and age. Higher Ki-67 expression (>40 %) showed an independent association with shorter DFS in NSCLC patients who underwent curative resection.