In multi purpose use facilities, there are a large number of people occupied in a small compartment space. The fire in the multi purpose use facility can be occurred human loss and property damage due to spread of a fire and a smoke in buildings. It is most critical to control flame spread in the early stage. To make the model work for practical fire protection engineering problems, property of combustible materials were predicted so that it could be help to reduced the risk. Computational analysis result from numerical models were compared with a real scale fire test. For computational analysis, the Fire Dynamics Simulator(FDS) was conducted with a Large Eddy Simulation(LED) model for turbulence. Especially, The computational fire modeling can help to mitigate risk and to prevent a fire.
Polyurethane material is used as an interior finish and wall cavity insulation. Flame-retardant products may be used for ignition, flame diffusion, and heat-release blocking. A large-scale test was conducted to understand the flame propagation characteristics of polyurethane with the addition of a flame retardant. The fire propagation properties and fire risks of four commonly used polyurethane materials were examined using three tests. Specifically, ignition properties, flame propagation behavior, and flashover occurrence were probed using full-scale tests, while heat release and fire characteristics were examined using cone calorimeter tests, and the toxicity of gaseous combustion products was assessed using gas toxicity tests. PIR F and PIR B, which contained flame retardants, featured slow flame propagation and a long-lasting residual flame, and PIR F released HCl and Br2 on combustion. Full-scale tests revealed that although external flame propagation was always accompanied by flashover, irrespective of whether the flame retardant was present, a delay or blockage of energy transfer to the inside was observed for flame-retardant-containing specimens. Apart from checking the safety at the material level, the importance of identifying the actual fire characteristics through a full-scale test was confirmed.
Abstract.Although there are laws in the Korea Building Act relating to exterior finishing materials, fireproof structures and fire-stop of curtain wall structures, the standards relating to and test methods on securing detailed fire safety functions for exterior materials of all buildings including high-rise buildings have not been prepared. This is due to the fact that test methods and standards to quantitatively evaluate the vertical fire spread of the exterior material of buildings do not exist.In addition, while semi non-combustible materials or non-combustible materials are required to be used to prevent fire spread in buildings which exceed 30-stories, it is necessary to review the standards and regulations in cases where fire blocking systems, capable of preventing the vertical fire spread within the curtain wall, are installed to consider permitting the utilization of fire retardant material following an assessment of the construction characteristics of high-rise buildings.The functional evaluation standards and test methods on the vertical fire spread introduced in this study will be a more effective method for performing evaluations to prevent fire spread compared to the currently utilized method of performing small scale tests.
In this study, real fire tests have been performed for the fire behavior and temperature analysis of the compartment. The size of Mockup experiments were 3 m length, 3.2 m wide, 2.5 m height m. The BFD curve method of C.R. Barnett is adopted to study a empirical model for fire compartment temperatures. The fire load was 35.375 kg/m 2 with office combustible supplies including access floors.The temperatures in the Mock-up compartment were measured using two different locations of thermocouple trees. These conclusions and experiment data obtained in this paper could be helpful in reference for the fire simulation, fire hazard assessment and fire protection design (including PBD). Based on experimental data, BFD curve and mathematical models need to be discussed to predict temperature curve in flashover and fire spread in the compartment. Also, this empirical model study needs more test to verify and optimize.
Many tunnels are under construction and have been completed due to the topographical characteristic in Korea. Also, further construction will be carried out. Meanwhile, it has been shown that for the fire trend over last 10 years, approximately 13% of overall fire accidents was caused by cars so that the tunnel has the potential risk factor at all times. Therefore, in order to reduce the fire damage of tunnel structures, various studies are under execution in the world but even regulations relating to the evaluation of the fire resistance performance is rarely settled on the tunnel lining in Korea. Therefore, in the study, the explosive spalling and thermal damage will be figured out by the fire resistance test of the concrete tunnel lining so that the results will be utilized as the basic data on the fire resistance design of the tunnel structure. As a result of that, it has been shown that for each case of the test adding the fiber and also without the fiber, the fire damage scope has been reduced as much as approximate 10~30 mm for the concrete and 20~40 mm for the reinforcement.
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