Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized by a chemical reduction method, physico-chemically characterized and their effect on wound-healing activity in zebrafish was investigated. The prepared AgNPs were circular-shaped, water soluble with average diameter and zeta potential of 72.66 nm and -0.45 mv, respectively. Following the creation of a laser skin wound on zebrafish, the effect of AgNPs on wound-healing activity was tested by two methods, direct skin application (2 μg/wound) and immersion in a solution of AgNPs and water (50 μg/L). The zebrafish were followed for 20 days post-wounding (dpw) by visual observation of wound size, calculating wound healing percentage (WHP), and histological examination. Visually, both direct skin application and immersion AgNPs treatments displayed clear and faster wound closure at 5, 10 and 20 dpw compared to the controls, which was confirmed by 5 dpw histology data. At 5 dpw, WHP was highest in the AgNPs immersion group (36.6%) > AgNPs direct application group (23.7%) > controls (18.2%), showing that WHP was most effective in fish immersed in AgNPs solution. In general, exposure to AgNPs induced gene expression of selected wound-healing-related genes, namely, transforming growth factor (TGF-β), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -9 and -13, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase), which observed differentiation at 12 and 24 h against the control; but the results were not consistently significant, and many either reached basal levels or were down regulated at 5 dpw in the wounded muscle. These results suggest that AgNPs are effective in acceleration of wound healing and altered the expression of some wound-healing-related genes. However, the detailed mechanism of enhanced wound healing remains to be investigated in fish.
This study showed the use of Centella asiatica as a good source of compounds for skin therapy and antioxidant activation cosmetics. The goal of this study was to provide cosmeceutical activity data about the extraction yield and total phenol content of C. asiatica by optimizing the focused high ultrasound (INEFU) and ultrasound extraction (UE) conditions. Under optimal extraction conditions, that is, 1800 W for 45 minutes and 500 W for 45 minutes, 28.73% and 30.21% (w/w) of the highest extraction yields and polyphenol contents were obtained, respectively. For the skin whitening activity, tyrosinase inhibitory activity was observed at 61.52% in INEFU extracts, which was circa 20.3% higher than that of UE extracts (51.11%). To reduce melanin production in Clone M-3 cells, 86.9% melanin production was observed following the addition of control, water extraction relative to the control without a sample, and 79.6% and 74.5% were found in UE and INEFU conditions, respectively. In conclusion, the highest total phenol secretion was obtained under optimal conditions and resulted in a significant improvement in the cosmetic activities of C. asiatica extracts.
This method allowed for the metabolic profiling and the subsequent evaluation of the content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of coffee samples, depending on the 4 species of coffee (Colombia, Guatemala, Kenya, and Vietnam) and extraction procedure (focused high ultrasound [INEFU]) and (ultrasound extraction [UE])and (water extraction [WE]). The goal was to provide cosmeceutical activity data about the extraction yield and total polyphenol of the 4 species of coffee by optimizing the INEFU, UE, and WE conditions. Under optimal extraction conditions, which consisted of 1800W for 45 minutes (INEFU) and 500 W for 45 minutes (UE), 10.4-19.5% and 8.2-16.2% (w/w) of the highest extractions yield and total polyphenol content was obtained. For the skin whitening activity, tyrosinase inhibitory activity was observed at 65.5% in the INEFU extracts, which was 26.5% higher than that of the UE extracts (51.8%) in Vietnam coffees. To reduce melanin production in Clone M-3 cells, 88.4% melanin production was observed following the addition of control, WE relative to the control without a sample, and 85.4% and 80.5% were found in the UE and INEFU conditions. The highest total phenol secretion was conclusively obtained under the optimal conditions and resulted in a significant improvement of the coffee-based cosmeceutical ingredient.
This study expands the usage of Citrus madurensis ( Citrofortunella microcarpa), which is a good source of skin whitening and antioxidants activation in cosmetics. The goal of this study is to provide cosmeceutical activity data about the extraction yield and total polyphenol of calamondin orange by optimizing the focused high ultrasound (INEFU), ultrasound extraction (UE), and water extraction (WE) conditions. Under optimal extraction conditions, which consisted of 1800 W for 45 minutes (INEFU) and 500 W for 45 minutes (UE), 21.55% (w/w) and 13.27% (w/w) of the highest extractions yield and total polyphenol content was obtained. For the skin whitening activity, tyrosinase inhibitory activity was observed at 69.28% in the INEFU extracts, which was 69.24% higher than that of the UE extracts (58.82%). To reduce melanin production in Clone M-3 cells, 86.9% melanin production was observed following the addition of control, WE relative to the control without a sample, and 81.2% and 78.9% were found in the UE and INEFU conditions, respectively. The highest total phenol secretion was conclusively obtained under the optimal conditions and resulted in a significant improvement of the cosmetic activities of C. madurensis ( C. microcarpa)-based cosmeceutical ingredient.
High ultrasonic-assisted extraction technology (INEFU) was employed to extract the active components from natural materials (green coffee beans, Citrus madurensis, Centella asiatica, Laminaria Japonica). The extraction conditions were optimized by a response surface method and Box-Behnken design. The active component yields were obtained under the optimum parameters: ultrasound power (1800 watts), ultrasonication time, and particle size. After INEFU of natural materials (green coffee beans, Citrus madurensis, Centella asiatica and Laminaria Japonica) the products were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). HPLC analysis showed that the four natural materials were composed of different combinations of vitamin C, polyphenols, chlorogenic acid, caffein, caffeic acid, asiaticoside and alginic acid. In addition, the INEFU results showed that natural materials can yield more active components during a simulated extraction process.
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