Cicatih is one of sub watershed which categorized as a good condition. However, if the land use allocation planning is not correctly, it is likely causing watershed degradation. The aim of this study was to assess land use changes and its influence on water discharging in Cicatih sub watershed. Some data were collected and analyzed including: rainfall, discharge, volume of discharge, flow regime coefficient (KRA), annual flow coefficient (KAT), land use change, and watershed conditions. There is a significant land use change in Cicatih sub watershed during period of 2009-2014. There are several significant increasing land uses, ie: dryland farming (77.26%), settlements (51.39%), and plantation (49.75%). Several significant decreasing land uses during the period, ie: scrub (96.78%), mixed dryland farming (78.74%), and rice field (74.50%). Land use changes in Cicatih sub watershed have an influence on the decreasing of watershed hydrological conditions. The value of KRA in the period 2009-2014 increase the category from medium (S) to very high (ST). In addition, the value of KAT also shows increase the category from medium (S) to high (T). The increase in dryland farming was due to large conversion of mixed dryland farming and scrub, settlements conversion from rice field and scrub, while the natural forest and plantations are converted from the scrub.
During bird surveys using the point count technique, observers assume that early morning and late afternoon observations will have the same result. This assumption is rarely tested prior to the field observation. This paper’s objective was to compare morning and afternoon bird counts in Dramaga Campus, IPB University. Bird data were collected at 6-8 am and 3-5 pm using a standard point count method in four different habitat types: forest, riparian, plantation, and built-up areas. The number of species, bird abundance, as well as Shannon indices (H’) and their corresponding t-tests were calculated. There were 52 bird species found in all habitat types. Time-wise, the number of species found was very similar (morning: 47 species, afternoon: 46 species). H’ in all habitat types were slightly differed between both times, non-significant by t-tests (H’ in morning and afternoon: forest 2.64, 2.66; plantation 2.33, 2.34; built-up area 2.43, 2,55; riparian 2.38, 2.30; t-test values were 0.28, 0.17, 1.42, 0.52, P>0.05 for all comparisons). Bird abundance was also similar between morning and afternoon counts. Based on this result, the assumption that morning observation is the same as afternoon observation can be accepted as a replication of bird survey in the study area.
Cibeet Sub-watershed is located in downstream of Citarum watershed and categorized as Priority I. Landuse change is an environmental issue which causes of damageof that watershed ecosystem. Landuse change can also affect the hydrological conditions of the watershed. The results of the SWAT(Soil Water Assessment Assessment) model simulation in the Cibeet Sub-watershed used LISAT (LAPAN IPB Satellite) imagery show is KAT (Coeficient Run off) value is a very high (0.54). Based on landuse in RTRW (Regional Land Use Planning) West Java 2025 the value of KAT decreased to 0.49 in the high category. Application of Soil and Water Conservation (KTA) techniques to land use of the LISAT imagery 2017 by Water Infiltration Wells were able to reduce surface flow by 63.49% and KAT values to 0.4 medium categories.
When a landscape gradually transforms, the bird community that inhabits the landscape will also adapt and change accordingly. Long-term data on the bird-habitat relationship, however, is still lacking in the sub-urban tropical areas. The objective of this paper was to analyze the response of bird community along with the gradual transformation of the landscape. Darmaga Campus of IPB University (± 2.67 km2) was selected as the study area due to its landscape transformation for campus development/construction, and the availability of bird monitoring data. Data on landscape transformation were gathered from the IPB building construction book published in 2017, and bird community (1982-2020) were gathered from published reports and papers. During the observed period, Darmaga Campus that initially consisted mostly of old rubber plantation has been gradually transformed into various academic-related uses, such as some areas for buildings dan field laboratories. From 1982 to 2020, the cumulative bird species in the study area at least was 124 species. During the observed years, the bird community was highly dynamics (bird species number in 1982 = 41 species, 1985 = 39 species, 1986 = 68 species, 1991 = 68 species, 2001 = 39 species, 2003 = 72 species, 2013 = 52 species, 2020 = 99 species). New incoming species were Chestnut-winged Cuckoo, Asian Brown Flycatcher, Tiger Shrike, and babblers (e.g., Black-capped Babbler); Brown Shrike, White-rumped Shama, Oriental Magpie-Robin and Green Junglefowl have not been observed or have become increasingly rare in the last ten years. Meanwhile, Red-breasted Parakeet, Fulvous-breasted Woodpecker, Sunda Pygmy Woodpecker, Black Drongo, and Sooty-headed Bulbul are always present species. Bird species such as Orange-headed Thrush, White-rumped Shama, White-browed Shortwing, and Velvet-fronted Nuthatch are species that entered to rarely found species. Gradual landscape transformation, from an old rubber plantation into a mosaic of small patches of human-made ornamental plants, shrub, and tree plantation, turns out to be beneficial for some bird species, but could also disadvantageous for others, causing a dynamic bird community composition.
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