<p><strong>English</strong><br />Rapid development on Ciliwung watershed converts farmland to other uses causing decreased catchment area and flood. Flood occurrence on Ciliwung watershed indicates that current land use planning is not in accordance with its carrying capacity. Currently, most of the policies issued to manage watershed are dominated by structural approach. Moreover, land use planning often leads regional and sectoral conflicts. Based on a literature study, a non-structural approach should be done prior to a structural approach. Land use planning using an institutional approach is part of a non-structural approach. An institutional approach in managing Ciliwung watershed could be based on Ostrom’s Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD). Payment mechanism for environmental services and compensation can be carried out through the operation and maintenance of irrigation and watershed management simultaneously. Good watershed quality is able prevent flood incidence and to guarantee continuity of irrigation water supply resulting in farming productivity improvement. Optimum allocation of Ciliwung watershed can be achieved by accommodating both conservation and economic requirements simultaneously. Effective institutional interaction is the appropriate way to ensure implementation of integrated watershed management. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Pembangunan yang sangat pesat di Daerah Aliran Sungai Ciliwung mendorong terjadinya konversi lahan pertanian menjadi lahan terbangun. Hal ini menyebabkan berkurangnya daerah resapan air sehingga terjadi banjir. Banjir tersebut merupakan indikasi bahwa tata ruang saat ini tidak sesuai dengan daya dukung wilayah. Selama ini, kebijakan pemerintah untuk penyelesaian pengelolaan kawasan DAS lebih didominasi oleh penyelesaian secara struktural. Selain itu, perencanaan penataan ruang yang telah disusun seringkali menimbulkan adanya konflik sektoral dan kewilayahan. Melalui studi literatur, dapat diketahui bahwa pendekatan yang bersifat nonstruktural harus dilakukan terlebih dahulu sebelum pendekatan struktural. Penataan ruang menggunakan pendekatan kelembagaan merupakan bagian dari pendekatan nonstruktural. Pendekatan kelembagaan dalam pengelolaan kawasan DAS Ciliwung dapat mengacu pada Ostrom’s Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD). Mekanisme imbal jasa lingkungan dan pemberian kompensasi dapat dilakukan melalui operasi dan pemeliharaan irigasi serta pengelolaan DAS secara bersamaan. Kualitas DAS yang terjaga dengan baik mampu menanggulangi banjir sekaligus menjaga kontinuitas air irigasi sehingga produktivitas usahatani meningkat. Alokasi tata ruang kawasan DAS Ciliwung yang optimum dapat diperoleh dengan mengakomodir kebutuhan konservasi dan ekonomi secara bersamaan. Interaksi kelembagaan yang efektif merupakan langkah yang tepat untuk menjamin implementasi pengelolaan DAS secara terpadu.</p>
Luas lahan yang dimiliki petani asli Papua asal Keerom sangat luas, namun penduduknya tidak berupaya mengelolanya secara maksimal untuk usahatani. Hal ini dipengahuhi oleh budaya meramu hasil hutan dan berburu hewan liar dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidup. Interaksi pada lingkungan alam tersebut menunjukkan tingkat ketergantungan petani pada lingkungan alam masih tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis ekologi dan budaya petani asli Papua dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya lahan (SDL) di wilayah Kabupaten Keerom. Metode penelitian ini dimulai dengan menganalisis peta bentuk lahan, peta kesesuaian lahan, dan peta zone agroekologi digital, diikuti survei lapangan untuk pengambilan data fisik wilayah.Metode studi kasus dilakukan melalui pendekatan analisis interaktif Miles dan Huberman untuk menganalisis aspek kebiasaan hidup yang bertujuan mengungkapkan aktivitas budaya (adat). Wawancara dan Focus Group Discution (FGD) untuk mendapatkan data sosial budaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penduduk keerom cenderung memilih dataran aluvial sebagai lokasi permukiman karena bentuk lahan ini sangat kaya potensi bahan pangan. Petani asli Papua asal Keerom terbiasa dengan pola ambil, petik dan konsumsi atau jual, dibanding tanam, rawat, petik dan jual. Komoditas pertanian yang ditanam petani asli Papua adalah komoditas yang telah dipahami tahan terhadap serangan hama dan minim risiko gagal panen, yaitu: keladi, ubijalar, singkong dan pisang, tapi dalam jumlah terbatas karena lebih diutamakan untuk konsumsi sendiri. Faktor modal sosial yang kuat dalam kehidupan penduduk tidak hanya terbatas pada pemberian bahan pangan kepada kerabat, tetapi ikut berpartisipasi dalam budaya bayar adat, denda adat, dan bayar maskawin, sehingga perolehan pendapatan tidak dijadikan untuk modal usahatani.
This study aims to analyze the farming feasibility, the increase in net profit and the scale of farming of wetland paddy as a leading commodity according to agro ecological zones (AEZ). The study was conducted at the location of the wetland paddy as a leading commodity and non leading commodity Bantul Regency in 2015. The feasibility of farming is analyzed using revenue and cost ratio (R/C), the increase in profits is analyzed by an increase in net profit (NKB) and the scale of farming is analyzed by determining the break even point of production (TIP) or break even point of price (TIH). The results showed that wetland paddy farming as a leading commodity according to agro ecological zones in Bantul is feasible and more optimal (R/C 2.17) than the non leading commodity (R/C 1.99). Wetland paddy farming as a leading commodity according to agro ecological zones can raise the net profit (NKB 1.13). Wetland paddy farming as a leading commodity according to agro ecological zones can be profitable if the production is at least 2,729 kg/ha or the price is at least Rp. 1,643/kg.
Land cover changing that occurs in Ciliwung Upper Stream resulted increasing the water level in the main river. It is describe that environmental quality of the upstream has decreased. Based on toposequent, the damage in upstream will affect to middle and downstream of watershed. This study aims to analysis the pattern and distribution of land cover change and build Ciliwung Upper Stream model in spatial planning based on carrying capacity. The research was conducted in Ciliwung Upper Stream that located in Bogor region. The method was used in this study compare landcovering 1999 and 2010. This study results patterns and distribution of land coverchange then use as input to analysis of spatial dynamic. Analysis of the spatial dynamic results a good composition of land cover in the Ciliwung Upper Stream. Land cover composition showed in table and spatial. Increasing of land cover has a high infiltration capacity can reduce the water level.
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