BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESBecause subclinical thyroid dysfunction may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, we evaluated the atherosclerosis tendency in subclinical hypothyroid (SCH) patients.PATIENTS AND METHODSFifty-three subclinical hypothyroid patients (serum thyrotropin [TSH] concentrations >4.12 mU/L) were compared with a control group of 50 euthyroid subjects whose age, sex and body mass indices were similar to the patient group. We tested whether serum TSH concentrations were correlated with plasma total homocysteine concentration (tHcy), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG).RESULTSThere was a significant statistical difference between the patient and control groups for normal free T4 (1.02±0.17 vs. 0.86±0.13, P<.001), TSH (1.64±1.02 vs. 6.62±2.61, P<.001), TC (185±39 vs. 206±42, P=.01), TG (103±54 vs. 132±85, P=.04), LDL-C (114±33 vs. 127±36, P=.04), and TC/HDL-C (3.81±106 vs. 4.19±1.02, P=.04), respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups for HDL-C, VLDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, and tHcy. Serum TSH was significantly correlated with plasma tHcy (r=0.55; P=.001), TC (r=0.52; P=.001), LDL-C (r=0.49; P=.001), TC/HDL-C (r=0.38; P=.002) and LDL-C/HDL-C (r=0.36; P=.004) across all participants.CONCLUSIONOur study suggests that the atherogenicity of SCH is not mediated by hyperhomocysteinemia. Associated hyperlipidemia may explain the observed increased risk of coronary artery disease in patients with SCH.
Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and hypert t thyroidism represent the earliest stages of thyt t roid dysfunction. 1 SCH is defined by the finding of elevated serum thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations associated with normal free thyroid hormone levels and a lack of clinical signs and symptoms of hypothyroidt t ism. 2t4 SCH is usually detected during the followtup of patients with a history of thyroid disease or as a result of biochemical screening for nonspecific symptoms. 5 Whether SCH has any demonstrable effect on serum lipid concentrations has been controversial. 2,3,5t10 Several reports have shown that patients with SCH have a disturbed lipid metabolism, including elevated serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) 7,11t15 and lowtdensity lit t poproteintcholesterol (LDLtC). 7,12t16 Such changes are
(CKD-EPI). In this study, we aimed to show the limits of the difference and correlations in the values of glomerular filtration rate formulas based serum creatinine measurements by using the measurement of creatinine autoanalyzers belonging to four different companies, using the Jaffe reaction. Methods: Serum samples of forty five patients, who had been admitted to Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital samples were analysed for serum creatinine with Jaffe method on five different analyzers. Glomerular filtration rate calculation was done with BMDRD, Ex-MDRD, CG and CKD-EPI and compared statistically. Paired Student's T test was done to detect the differences between the analyzers for each glomerular filtration rate. Also, Pearson's correlation analysis was used for evaluation of correlation between different analyzers and formulas. Results: Glomerular filtration rates calculated with CG formula in all analyzers and with CKD-EPI formula in most of the analyzers were statistically compatible with each other (p<0.05). Conclusion: Differences between the calculation of glomerular filtration rate is caused by differences in creatinine measurement. However, this difference in our study for glomerular filtration rate values calculated by the CG and CKD-EPI formulas were not significant as the other formula based glomerular filtration rate calculations were. For this reason, we concluded that patients can be followed in different treatment centers more healthy with widespread reporting of glomerular filtration rate values calculated with CG and CKD-EPI formulas.
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Amaç: Bu çalışmada metastazı olmayan meme kanserli hastalarda idrar piridinolin, deoksipiridinolin ve serum alkalen fosfataz düzeyleri ölçüldü ve 6 yıllık takipte kemik metastazının biyokimyasal belirteçleri olarak idrar piridinolin ve deoksipiridinolinin rolü değerlendirildi.Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışma kemik metastazı olmayan 34 hasta ve kontrol grubu olarak 40 sağlıklı bireyi içermektedir.Bulgular: Serum ALP hariç idrar piridinolin ve deoksipiridinolin düzeyleri kemik metastazı olmayan hastalarda kontrol grubundan belirgin olarak yüksekti. 6 yıllık takip sonucunda hastaların %20.5'da metastaz olduğu belirlendi. Metastaz tiplerinin dağılımı: %2.9 lokal, %2.9 karaciğer, %5.9 akciğer ve %8.8 kemik metastazı. Piridinolin için 43 pmol/ µmol kreatinin cut off değerinin sensitiivtesi %82 ve spesifitesi %80 olarak belirlendi. Deoksipiridinolin için 9.53 pmol/ µmol kreatinin cut off değerinin sensitiivtesi %76 ve spesifitesi %72 olarak belirlendi.Sonuç: Bu çalışma idrar çapraz bağlarının ölçümünün meme kanserinde kemiğe metastatik yayılımın erken belirlenmesine katkıda bulunabileceğini gösterdi. Ancak geniş ölçekli gruplarla ileri çalışmalar yapılmalıdır.
Selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) are mineral elements with a particle size of 1 to 100 nm prepared by reducing selenate or selenite. Se NPs have a higher effect on glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity, body weight, nutrient conversion efficiency, nutrient utilization, free radical inhibition, meat quality, survival rate, Se content in tissues, rumen microbial activity, stimulation of enzyme activity compared to other selenium sources (sodium selenite, yeast-derived selenium, organic selenium sources) in animal nutrition with their large surface area/volume ratio. In addition, Se NPs exhibit lower toxicity than selenite. Se NPs can be used at lower doses and thus it may have the potential to reduce environmental pollution indirectly. This review aims to provide a summary of the studies conducted on the physical, chemical, and metabolic properties, oxidative stress, antioxidant defense, dietary requirement, deficiency, fertility, sperm quality and performance of Se NPs used in ruminants nutrition.
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