The purpose of this research is to investigate the universities' distance education activities in the Covid-19 pandemic in Turkey. Survey model was used. All universities in Turkey were the population of this research.In each university a person who was a stuff or a director of distance education process was tried to be reached. 33 people were participated the research. Data was collected with an online questionnaire form. According to the results, Moodle and ALMS were the mostly used learning management systems. Big blue button and Perculus were found to be the mostly used as a virtual classroom software in universities. It was found that in only six universities all of courses was given synchronously with a virtual classroom software, in spite of the recommendations of Council of Higher Education. Most of the universities stuck with their existing learning management systems (f=29) and virtual classroom software (f=24) in order to manage new situation. Half of the universities tracked their students absence rate. Participants expressed that the education of lecturers about distance education systems was the most difficult job that they did during this process.

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Social Learning Networks (SLNs) are the developed forms of Social Network Sites (SNSs) adapted to educational environments, and they are used by quite a large population throughout the world. In addition, in related literature, there is no scale for the measurement of students' attitudes towards such sites. The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to determine students' attitudes towards Edmodo, a Social Learning Network (Edmodo Attitude Scale, EAS). The scale development process included reviewing the related literature, developing an item pool, asking for expert's views, developing a draft form, carrying out two different applications for exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and conducting validity and reliability analyses. The scale was developed in Turkish and applied online. The participants of the study were selected among undergraduate students who experienced Edmodo in a university in Turkey. At the end of the research process, a scale made up of 18 items and 4 factors was developed. The factors were found to be collaboration, usefulness, instructor support and self-confidence. Consequently, the scale could be said to be a valid and reliable attitude scale that could be used in learning environments which involves the use of a SLN.

Technological developments bring along lots of innovations. One of the innovations that have become widespread in recent years is the concept of augmented reality. In current scientific literature there are a lot of studies in literature about augmented reality which can be defined as the combination of real and virtual worlds, experienced by humans in a unified view. Aim of this study is to present the historical development and area of usage of augmented reality. This study will hopefully provide a timely insight into the current state of research on the use of augmented reality.