It is established that the lack of technologies for the complete utilization of secondary PET – raw material sorted from municipal solid waste - raw materials is a threat to the sustainable development of the modern city. One of the promising ways of PET disposal is to use it to encapsulate mineral fertilizers. Under the laboratory conditions, the technology of PET modification and capsule application to mineral fertilizer particles under fluidized bed conditions has been successfully tested. Conducted pilot tests of the release of nutrition elements from mineral fertilizers encapsulated with modified PET, confirmed the uniformity and quality of the coating. Pilot studies have confirmed the effectiveness of the new form of obtained fertilizers.
The environmental impact of residual mineral fertilizers not utilized by plants is analyzed. It is shown that this negative effect extends to all elements of the environment: soil, atmosphere, hydrosphere. The perspective of the application of encapsulated mineral fertilizers that allow prolonged release of plant nutrients is outlined. The appliccation of modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETF) as a capsule-forming material for encapsulated mineral fertilizers is proposed. PET modification and fertilizer encapsulation technologies have been tested. The dynamics of the release of nutrients from fertilizers encapsulated by PET has been studied. The kinetics of watercress salad growth with the use of granular and encapsulated fertilizers has been investigated.
Environmental risks caused by the use of traditional mineral fertilizers require new agro-technical solutions, which are encapsulated long-acting fertilizers. The use of the capsule allows to reduce the concentration of mineral compounds in the fertilizer and to minimize the adverse effects of the chemical compounds contained in it on the environment. Encapsulated fertilizers provide more efficient absorption of mineral nutrition by plants, allowing to synchronize the release of elements in accordance with the needs of the plant. The use of natural materials as fertilizer shells is faced with the problem of their low solubility and cost, and the use of synthetic coatings with the problems of their biodegradation in the environment. The development of new environmentally friendly materials for long-acting fertilizer capsules is a challenge for modern society. In this context, a universal mineral fertilizer coated with a coating of natural zeolite sorbent and diethylene glycol (DEG) modified polyethyl terephthalate (PET) is promising. We analyzed the influence of fertilizer on the kinetics of soil pH change, the dynamics of the total microbial count and the increase in the number of microorganisms and the germination of Hordeum sativum and Lolium perenne. The application of fertilizer for 28 days of the experiment led to decrease in soil pH by 0.3. In the presence of encapsulated fertilizer the germination of ryegrass seeds was 3.51 times higher, and ones of barley 4.14 times higher than without fertilizer. The fertilizer provided a prolonged release of minerals, which had a positive effect on the germination of barley and ryegrass plants, stimulated plant growth and increased the total number of microorganisms in the soil as an important indicator of the efficiency of agricultural technology.
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