This study aims to reveal which factors and their indicators are significant (primary) for sustainable tourism from the point of view of the travellers themselves. The study was conducted in two stages and involved 415 (first phase) and 577 (second phase) respondents. The first stage was conducted online and personal communication, which allowed to question respondents in detail. The second stage was conducted only online using polls on Facebook, Twitter, Google Docs and email. Primary data were presented in the form of respondents' submissions, obtained as a result of observation through the distribution of questionnaires. Results were processed using a priori ranking technology - expert methods - using MS Excel for automatizing the process. The study revealed what factors generally accepted today and their indicators are significant (primary) from the point of view of the travellers themselves. The division of the empirical part of the study into two components allowed for a more detailed review of the opinions of the respondents and the identification of 9 leading indicators. This article draws attention to the fact that it is necessary to study phenomena not only from a theoretical point of view but also to test empirically, involving the participants in the process. The study will be useful for countries and regions that are committed to sustainable tourism. Technology, as a whole, can be used in any industry where people's opinion matters. The study is based on the theoretical basis of modern researchers and is supported by an experiment involving direct participants in the process (travellers), i.e. allows you to uncover sustainable tourism and factors affecting it from different angles.
The subject of the article is the use of industrial clusters as tools for innovative economic growth. The purpose of the article is to develop an economic-mathematical model of the formation of an industrial cluster, and to create an algorithm for cluster zoning of the economy. Tasks to be solved – analysis of the principles of innovative growth, development of a model of an innovation-engineering industrial cluster, formulation of a methodology for the formation of a regional innovation-engineering cluster, analysis and assessment of the features that arise in clusters, use of cluster analysis for systematization, classification and reduction of the number of features. Applied methods: system analysis, project approach, institutional theory, clustering methods, Bartlett’s sphericity criterion and Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin sampling adequacy criterion, multivariate regression analysis, Fisher’s F-test. The results obtained: it was determined that the best approach to unification of the main components of innovative development, namely state bodies, business and development institutes, is the creation of innovation and engineering clusters. The principles of creation and functioning of such clusters are described. It is shown that the basis of the cluster construction algorithm of regions is the integration of quantitative and qualitative methods of identification and clustering of the economy. This makes it possible, in contrast to existing approaches, not only to identify cluster elements, but also to model the levels of interaction between them. It is proposed to use the synergistic effect from the use of the newly formed structure as an assessment of the efficiency of the cluster. Conclusions: the use of regional innovation and engineering clusters allows for the formation of an effective strategy for the development of the region’s economy. The developed algorithm of cluster zoning integrates quantitative and qualitative methods of determining the clustering possibilities of the region’s economy. The complex interaction of economic and political factors leads to a synergistic effect and allows modeling cluster formation with the identification of the composition of participants and the level of interaction between them.
The article describes technological reengineering and defines its place in the methodology of describing innovations - technical, technological, organizational, logistical, etc. In the domestic practice of innovative transformations, such tools as rehabilitation, reorganization and restructuring are known. The effectiveness of their application largely depends on the level of integration, perfection and application methodology. Technological reengineering is a derivative tool of innovative transformations, therefore its fundamental aspects are considered together with the concepts of "technological innovations", "management" and "engineering". These tools are characterized. Based on the analysis of the existing interpretations of the concepts of "innovation", "technology", "reengineering" and "reengineering of business processes", the author's definition of the concept of "technological reengineering" is given, which by its nature embodies the elements of all these definitions. The concept of "technological reengineering" specifies the elements of the organizational and economic mechanism of the enterprise, within which fundamental transformations are carried out. The structural and logical essence of the concept of "technological reengineering" is considered as a systemic transformation on a fundamentally new technological basis of the production and technical base and the corresponding organizational and production relations. In contrast to the approaches presented in the scientific literature, the latter represents formalized procedures for radical, complex and systematic transformation of the production base in order to ensure the competitiveness of enterprises and regions and contains production and technical measures that are primarily related to the fundamental renewal of production assets, improvement product quality and cost reduction, improvement of the range of manufactured products. This allows us to detail the essence of this concept and to separate intellectual and technical tools for its implementation, such as remediation, restructuring, reengineering of business processes. It is justified that this definition more comprehensively covers the areas of reengineering and involves the redesign of business processes together with all components of the enterprise's activities. The given definition also allows for the formation of theoretical and methodological provisions regarding the definition of "technological reengineering".
The article examines the problems of innovative transformations of domestic industries in view of the state and attractiveness of the innovative environment, in which the leading place belongs to scientific research. It was noted that among all spheres of activity, it was science that suffered the most significant losses. In Ukraine, there is a tendency to reduce the number of researchers, which leads to a gradual degradation of the scientific potential. The state of technology transfer according to the first, second and third strategic priorities is of concern because this is a real sector of the economy on which the country's competitiveness depends and which needs reengineering transformations in the first place. The concept of technological reengineering in conditions of clustering of the national economy relies on enterprises of the high-tech sector. The science-intensive sector in Ukraine generates GDP at the level of the most backward countries in the world due to too few types of economic activity (FDI) that meet the criteria of high technology. At the same time, its share of added value in output is the largest among other technological sectors. This shows that science produces high-tech and competitive products. The cluster with its system of connections is aimed at creating systems of machines that meet the needs of the market. For modern clusters of knowledge-intensive production, such a task can be accomplished if attention is focused not only on resource provision, but also on various (several) determinants of market demand, which are formed on the types of market activity. It is justified that the cluster with its communication system is aimed at creating machine systems that meet the needs of the market. The combination of all components of the effect has a positive effect on the readiness of firms and organizations to cooperate with cluster structures, and this is a factor of regional development.
Methodological recommendations for the use of technological audit as a mandatory part of substantiating directions and expediency of carrying out reengineering innovative transformations at the enterprise are developed in the article. The approach to understanding the essence and types of technological audit and their relationship with the reengineering process of the organization is proposed. The functions of a technological audit in the context of an innovatively transformed enterprise are substantiated, with an emphasis on planning, organization and control. The general context of using the results of the technological audit for the organization and management of innovative process transformations of the production and technological base at the enterprise is outlined. It is established that the technological audit plan is a key strategic management tool that allows assessing the overall scope and nature of work related to the innovative transformation of production, to compare the main forecasted indicators with the actual ones. The main procedures of the technological audit of the enterprise production base are proposed, among which the following are highlighted: analysis of physical and moral wear and tear of the main production assets; development of a general project for technological reengineering; formation of a portfolio of projects for technological reengineering of the enterprise and the selection of organizational and functional approaches to the implementation of the overall project. The project stages of the technological rehabilitation of production and approaches to them are disclosed. Considered models of resource distribution in the development of a general project for the technological rehabilitation of production. It was established that in the process of deploying the reengineering program, its implementation measures can be divided into two types that improve business, and measures that are elements of reengineering and fundamentally change the efficiency of business and all production activities. Keywords: innovations, technological audit, technological rehabilitation, reengineering, projects, models, stages of technological audit.
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