Over the centuries leading up to their composition many genres and authors have emerged as influences on Horace’s Satires, which in turn has led to a wide variety of scholarly interpretations. This study aims to expand the existing dialogue by exploring further the intersection of ancient satire and ethics, focusing on the moral tradition of Epicureanism through the lens of one source in particular: Philodemus of Gadara. An Epicurean philosopher who wrote for a Roman audience and was one of Horace’s contemporaries and neighbors in Italy, offers a range of ethical treatises on subjects including patronage, friendship, flattery, frankness, poverty, and wealth. This book offers a serious consideration of the role of Philodemus’ Epicurean teachings in Horace’s Satires and argues that the central concerns of the philosopher’s work not only lie at the heart of the poet’s criticisms of Roman society and its shortcomings, but also lend to the collection a certain coherence and overall unity in its underlying convictions. It provides an examination of the deep and pervasive influence of this moral tradition on Horace’s satiric poetry which also manages to reveal something of the poet behind the literary mask or persona through its elucidation of the philosophically consistent nature of Horace’s self-representation in these poems.
This essay reevaluates scholarship regarding the myth of Prometheus in Plato’s Protagoras and offers a new interpretation that focuses on the potential of Hermes as representative par excellence of the Protagorean, or, more generally, sophistic tradition. I thus consider the messenger god’s traditional portrayal in works such as the Homeric Hymn to Hermes and various Aesopic fragments, which underscore his role as teacher of learnable skills and master of deception. I then suggest that Plato alludes to this playful tradition in his own portrayal of Hermes, who, like Protagoras, is concerned with the distribution and promotion of “political skill.”
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