Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the major risk for hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). HBV X protein (HBx) and p53 tumor suppressor family interactions may be crucial for HCC induction. We compared p53 and p73 interactions with HBx in normal and HCC tumor cell lines differing in their p53 status. In the latter, HBx was pro-apoptotic but exhibited opposite effects in non-tumor cells. In these normal cells, p53 and p73 were retained in the cytoplasm. In hepatoma cells, however, HBx led to nuclear translocation of p53 and p73, followed by enhanced transactivation of p53-dependent promoters. The nuclear transfer of p53, but not of p73, was abrogated by protein kinase C inhibitor Gö6976. HBx overexpression in HCC cells led to strong p53 phosphorylation at Ser15, but not in non-tumor cells. Our results define ATM kinase as mediator for HBx-induced p53 phosphorylation. While HBx promotes cell death in p53/p73-positive hepatoma cells also in presence of increased levels of the oncogenic ΔTAp73 isoform, it significantly potentiates ΔTAp73-mediated proliferation and malignant transformation of fibroblasts. Our data suggest that prevention of apoptosis in normal cells by HBx through inhibition of pro-apoptotic p53 family members via direct interaction and coaction with anti-apoptotic ΔTAp73 seems to be the key element in the decision in favor of cell survival. The complex cell context-dependent interactions between p53 family members and HBx in the regulation of apoptosis may be essential in HBV-induced HCC and anticancer therapy.
Este trabajo plantea el objetivo general de crear una herramienta para evaluar la calidad informativa de los telenoticias de cuatro televisiones autonómicas españolas, a partir de los siguientes indicadores: rasgos formales, construcción y jerarquización, agenda temática, criterios de noticiabilidad, tipología y tratamiento y distribución geográfica del contenido. Se aplica un análisis de contenido con matriz propia de variables sobre una muestra de 32 informativos y 1327 unidades en horario de máxima audiencia. Se comprueba la utilidad de la matriz para evaluar la calidad informativa. El análisis detecta la tendencia hacia un modelo de infoentretenimiento.
This study presents findings from testing an innovative student-centred drama-based teaching methodology for Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths (STEM) disciplines for secondary school students. The method, based on performances, was tested in two case studies, Spain and the UK, on a sample of 2,089 students. These performances have been shown to be an effective way of generating a two-way dialogue between students and researchers, and prompting student reflections about researchers as role models, gender inequalities in science, and ethical issues in STEM careers and scientific research. Furthermore, they have enhanced young people's positive attitudes and interest in science, scientists and scientific careers and have debunked science-related stereotypes.This indicates that the performances evaluated in this study are supporting the aspirations of young people, but not limiting their inclination to critically assess the relative benefits and risks of scientific development for themselves.
Carlos Aguilar-Paredes es profesor asociado en comunicación audiovisual en la Facultad de Biblioteconomía y Documentación de la Universitat de Barcelona. Doctor por la UB, su investigación se centra en la búsqueda de metodologías cuantitativas para el análisis de contenidos audiovisuales tanto en medios tradicionales como en internet.
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