Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to analyze this phenomenon and identify its determinants using data from Brazilian higher education institutions.Design/methodology/approach -Based on a data set comprehending 2,230 university students from 70 different institutions across the country, the authors develop five Probit models to assess impacts related to individual traits and systemic conditions on five dependent dimensions: entrepreneurial activity, potential entrepreneurs, high-impact entrepreneurship, serial entrepreneurship and innovation-driven entrepreneurship.Findings -The lack of significance in many of the variables included in estimations suggests that student entrepreneurship seems to be a rather random phenomenon in Brazil.Research limitations/implications -Findings pose challenges for student entrepreneurship, as targets for intervention are not clear.Originality/value -Over the past decades, universities have been receiving an increasing demand to go beyond their role of producing science and technology to explore its knowledge potential to produce novel commercial applications. However, while there is a growing interest in ways to foster scientific academic entrepreneurship, universities also serve as a positive environment for student entrepreneurship training, knowledge sharing, testing ideas and learning. So far, the importance of student entrepreneurship has received far less attention than it likely deserves.
U niversities are increasingly perceived as agents involved in regional development. It is now recognized that academic contributions to the socioeconomic environment go well beyond scientific investigation and teaching activities, and incorporate market-oriented initiatives to the academic mission. However, these effects are geographically bounded. Given these conditions, this article aims at addressing universities' impacts upon output vectors of localized innovation ecosystems. Using data from cities and microregions in the state of São Paulo, Brazil observed throughout the period of 2002-2014, we address universities' effects upon the locallevel generation of patents and utility models, software production and emergence of knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship. Besides the scant available evidence on innovation ecosystems located outside developed economies, dealing with a developing country also means we are addressing an analytical unit in which universities play a critical role in terms of knowledge production and
O artigo discute o engajamento atual e potencial das empresas multinacionais em atividades tecnológicas no Brasil. Argumenta que a maior propensão dessas empresas em realizar atividades de pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D) fora de seus países de origem pode representar uma oportunidade para reforçar o sistema nacional de inovação. A implementação de políticas públicas pertinentes é uma condição importante para o sucesso dessa empreitada.
This article aims at pointing some barriers of foreign companies to the investment in R&D in Brazil, and at discussing some conditions for overcoming them. It starts with the point that the Brazilian branches of international companies, which as a whole already take a significant part in the whole effort of corporate R&D, could extend their future participation provided that a way is found through the investment barriers in external R&D. The main conclusions are that there are good perspectives for attracting "marketoriented" R&D investments. That, which in recent past was seen as a hindrance, is now an advantage due to the growing weight of the big emerging economies in the global market. As regards the investments in "technology-oriented" R&D, many difficulties to make the country attractive persist, especially in relation to training high-level human resources and to the presence of solid academic institutions and technological clusters of a certain size.
The dominant discourse on Entrepreneurial Ecosystems (EE) remains focused on the profile of a handful of successful locations. This has hindered a deeper comprehension of the economic mechanisms that shape evolutionary trends in entrepreneurial activity and how they operate in distinct places. We propose that EE have regularities, but they can also assume different configurations, i.e., varying combinations of influential dimensions. Through fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis, we address this issue with data from the State of São Paulo, Brazil. This research focuses on five EE dimensions: Science & Technology, Human Capital, Market Dynamics, Business Dynamics, and Infrastructure. Findings point at the heterogeneous nature of EE distributed in three different paths. While configurations’ vary in terms of causal conditions, research universities, knowledge-intensive jobs and wider credit operations are core-causal conditions. Proximity to the main economic hub appears as a key differentiator among ecosystems.
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