IntroductionPatients with encephalitis with antibodies to leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1-Ab-E) are typically elderly males with a distinct phenotype, and ~90% carry the class II major histocompatibility (MHC) allele, DRB1*07:01. This allele is found in ~25% of healthy controls, suggesting other genetic and environmental disease factors operate in patients with LGI1-Ab-E. Yet, a previous genome-wide associa- tion study did not find variants attaining genome-wide significance outside the MHC region.MethodsLGI1-Ab-E patients were genome-wide genotyped with standard arrays. Missing variants were imputed using Minimac4 and the Haplotype Reference Consortium panel. Population-matched controls were selected from UK Biobank. Genetic association with LGI1-Ab-E was determined with PLINK, SNPTEST and GWAMA and processed using bespoke bioinformatics pipelines.The discovery cohort of 131 French patients (92 men; 70%) was population-matched with 2613 controls (957 men; 36.6%): >6 million SNPs remained after quality control (lambda 1.04). The validation cohort comprises 97 US/UK cases (66 men; 68%) and 1940 matched controls (882 men; 45%), >5 million variants and lambda of 1.ResultsWe replicated the MHC association (rs2858869, p=3.371e-52 in the discovery cohort;rs2858870, p=1.085e-54 in the validation cohort) and will report the extent of non-MHC associations currently under- going bioinformatic assessment and validation.
randomly divided into three groups which were A a singing group, B a reading group and C a control group. All participants underwent a series of neuropsychological tests as a baseline (t 0) assessment with the guidance of medical professionals, and subsequent tests were repeated at three months (t 1 ) and six months (t 2 ) periods for comparison. Results: For participants with mild AD, the WHO-UCLA AVLT immediate and delayed recall scores of Group A were significantly higher at t 1 compared with t 0 . The verbal fluency test scores were increased in Group A at t 1 and t 2 compared with t 0 , while there was also significant increase in Group B at t 1 but it did not show significant changes at t 2 . The NPI scores of Group A significantly decreased at t 1 and t 2 compared with t 0 . The caregiver distress score of Group A also significantly decreased at t 1 and t 2 compared with t 0 . For participants with moderate or severe AD, the caregiver distress score in NPI of Group A significantly decreased at both t 1 and t 2 compared with t 0 . There were no significant changes of the MMSE score and the BI during this study in all the groups. Conclusions: Music therapy is effective for enhancing memory and language ability of patients with mild AD, and can reduce the psychotic symptoms and caregiver distress of patients with mild, moderate or severe AD the severity of AD.
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