The relationships between frugivorous animals and plants are of vital importance particularly in tropical forests. The way species interact and how they are organized within interaction networks could be determined by their ecological and morphological characteristics. This study evaluates the hypothesis that the topological position of species within an interaction network is determined by their degree of frugivory, body size, and abundance. Thus, we constructed the frugivory network between birds and plants in a rainforest fragment in northwestern Colombia. The position of the species within the network was calculated based on three centrality measures (degree, betweenness, and closeness), and its association with relative abundance, degree of frugivory, and body size of each bird species was evaluated by means of a generalized linear model. We found that the species that were most abundant and had the smallest body size had central positions in the interaction network. This pattern is contrary to what has been observed in pristine forests, where species with large body size are more important for network stability. Our results suggest that forest fragmentation modifies the roles of species within the network structure, in part, due to changes in the makeup of the original frugivore community. The information presented may be useful to evaluate the effects of the loss of species as a result of anthropic actions, with the aim of generating ecosystem restoration strategies. Nomenclature:We followed plant species nomenclature APG IV (APG IV 2016) and the bird species nomenclature by South American Classification Committee (Remsen et al. 2018).
Registramos el paisaje sonoro en cuatro fincas ganaderas en el piedemonte llanero del departamento del Meta, Colombia. Se utilizaron ocho grabadoras acústicas, cuatro en silvopastoriles de potreros arbolados y cuatro en sistemas de ganadería tradicional. Cada grabadora estuvo grabando 1 minuto cada 10 minutos, durante un promedio de 4 días, en noviembre de 2019. Se obtuvieron 4743 grabaciones de un minuto, 57.3% para sistemas de potreros tradicionales y 42.7% para potreros arbolados. Se encontraron diferencias en la actividad acústica y el uso del espacio acústico, el cual está relacionado a la distancia a las quebradas. Las variables distancia a vías y a quebradas explicaron la variación de riqueza de aves y anuros, la cual fue menor para potreros arbolados en relación a los potreros tradicionales, lo que puede estar relacionado con el diseño del sistema silvopatoril (monocultivo de falso yopo, Mimosa trianae). Futuras iniciativas silvopastoriles deberían incluir diseños más diversos para poder contrastar el tipo de métricas evaluadas en este estudio.
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