No abstract

Zika virus (ZIKV) was recently introduced into the Western Hemisphere, where it is suspected to be transmitted mainly by Aedes aegypti in urban environments. ZIKV represents a public health problem as it has been implicated in congenital microcephaly in South America since 2015. Reports of ZIKV transmission in forested areas of Africa raises the possibility of its dispersal to non-human-modified environments in South America, where it is now endemic. The current study aimed to detect arboviruses in mosquitoes collected from areas with low human interference in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Using a sensitive pan-flavivirus RT-PCR, designed to detect the NS5 region, pools of Ae. albopictus and Haemagogus leucocelaenus, were positive for both ZIKV and yellow fever (YFV). Virus RNA was detected in pools of adult males and females reared from field-collected eggs. Findings presented here suggest natural vertical transmission and infection of ZIKV in Hg. leucocelaenus and Ae.albopitcus in Brazil.

Living bamboo stalks are one of the most specialized habitats for mosquito oviposition and immature development. Most of the mosquito species that breed in these habitats are sylvatic, and some are of importance for public health as possible vectors of pathogens. Perforated internodes are a very specialized environment due to the difficulty of access. Furthermore, due to their relatively simple fauna, they represent a valuable model for ecological studies that may be applicable to more complex environments. This study aims to assess the mosquito bionomics of species raised in bamboo internodes. Therefore, the diversity of mosquito species and the influence of abiotic variables (pH and temperature) on the distribution of mosquitoes that breed in this habitat were analyzed. The study area is a fragment of Atlantic Forest within the Association of da Armada (ATA) in Nova Iguaçu, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Immature mosquitoes were sampled with suction tubes (mouth aspirators) between August 2017 and July 2018. A total of 3,170 larvae were collected in 5 bamboo plants, each with 8 stalks perforated. Of these, 688 larvae reached the adult stage, representing 10 genera and 19 species. The most common species were Culex neglectus (43%), Trichoprosopon digitatum (22%), Culex iridescens (8%), Sabethes identicus (7%), and Orthopodomyia albicosta (7%). The richness of the immatures collected in the ATA was 19 species, with a diversity of 1.10 and Shannon evenness of 0.57. A diverse composition of Culicidae in bamboo stalks was found, although dominance was low.

The yellow fever (YF) virus has been detected throughout Brazil, with the occurrence of human cases, cyclic epizootics, and its isolation from Haemagogus janthinomys and Hg. leucocelaenus. We assessed the seasonal occurrence, egg abundancy, and oviposition interaction of mosquito vector species captured at a Private Natural Heritage Reserve in the Atlantic Forest biome. A total of 2943 eggs and 1538 mosquito larvae were collected from which 1231 belonged to entomologically important species. Ovitraps were used to collect immature mosquitoes from September 2019 to January 2021. The Mann–Whitney test was used to assess the differences in the abundance of eggs between rainy and dry seasons. Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn’s post hoc tests were used to evaluate the significance of the differences in the number of individuals from vector species. The highest percentage of mosquito vector eggs were collected during the rainy season, from December to February. Most eggs recovered from ovitraps belonged to the species Hg. leucocelaenus, representing 85% of all mosquito eggs identified. The other species had lower abundances and percentages: Aedes terrens (7%), Haemagogus janthinomys (5%) and Aedes albopictus (3%). The species that shared breeding sites with a higher frequency were Hg. leucocelaenus and Hg. janthinomys, with a statistically positive correlation (ρ = 0.74). This finding suggests that maybe the presence of Hg. leucocelaenus eggs acted as an attractant for Hg. janthinomys or vice versa. An understanding of mosquito oviposition behavior is necessary for the development of surveillance and control approaches directed against specific pathogen vectors of medical and veterinary importance.

In Brazil, about 99% of malaria cases occur in Brazil’s Legal Amazon. In all other states malaria has been noted but with imported cases. Here we describe an autochthonous case of malaria in Petropolis city, Rio de Janeiro. The clinical symptoms and epidemiological aspects were compatible with malaria and the presence of Plasmodium was confirmed through molecular diagnostic testing performed on a blood sample from a local resident after an ecological hike in the Atlantic Forest on the outskirts of town. After treatment with chloroquineand primaquine, the symptoms ceased. This city was regarded malaria free for many years although it still presents the malaria vectors. Considering that Plasmodium sp. is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, this clinical case serves as an epidemiological alert.KEY WORDS: Malaria; clinical case; Plasmodium vivax

O objetivo do presente estudo foi traçar o perfil fisiológico da Seleção Brasileira de Karatê. Foram efetuados cinco testes em cinco dias consecutivos na seguinte ordem: teste de Cooper (2.400 m) para verificar o VO2máx, velocidade de 50 metros, potência de membros superiores, potência de membros inferiores e agilidade. Fizeram parte da amostra dezoito atletas de ambos os sexos (22,88 ± 3,81 anos), convocados para a Seleção Brasileira Permanente de Karatê. Foram encontrados os seguintes resultados para as mulheres: VO2 máx. (38,26 ± 4,67 ml.kg.min-1); velocidade (50m) (8,34 ± 0,42 seg.) agilidade (9,96 ± 0,33 seg.); potência de membros inferiores (29,66 ± 2,89 cm); potência de membros superiores (3,66 ± 0,37 metros); e para os homens: VO2 máx. (45,39 ± 3,74 ml.kg. min-1); velocidade (7,14 ± 0,36 seg.), agilidade (8,99 ± 0,30); potência de membros inferiores (44,45 ± 5,05); potência de membros superiores (5,63 ± 0,45 metros). Verificou-se que o Karatê é uma modalidade que exige alta preparação nos indicadores neuromusculares e cardiorrespiratórios relacionados à saúde, decorrentes da especificidade dos movimentos relacionados na prática da determinada modalidade, cuja intensidade é elevada na maioria dos períodos de treinamento e competição. Os resultados se aproximam às médias de outras modalidades esportivas, demonstrando que o nível de exigência fisiológica da modalidade Karatê é alto. Desta forma, podemos concluir que o perfil fisiológico dos atletas da seleção brasileira de karatê se encontra adequado para as demandas do karatê.Palavras-chave: karatê, perfil fisiológico, potência, velocidade, agilidade.

Significant pathogens that have resurfaced in humans originate from transmission from animal to human populations. In the Americas, yellow fever cases in humans are usually associated with spillover from non-human primates via mosquitoes. The present study characterized the prevalence of the yellow fever vector Haemagogus leucocelaenus in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The Atlantic Forest fragment chosen is an area of translocation of the golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia), where 10 ovitraps were installed to collect mosquito eggs in Fazenda Três Irmãos, at Silva Jardim city, from March 2020 to October 2022. A total of 1514 eggs were collected, of which 1153 were viable; 50% belonged to medically important mosquito species and 24% to the yellow fever vector species, Hg. leucocelaenus. The months of December 2020 (n = 252), November 2021 (n = 188), and January 2022 (n = 252) had the highest densities of this vector. Haemagogus leucocelaenus was positively correlated with temperature (r = 0.303) and humidity (r = 0.48), with eggs hatching up to the 15th immersion with higher abundance of females. Implementing mosquito monitoring for arbovirus activity can help protect both the golden lion tamarin and human populations from the threat of arbovirus transmission.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo comparar as respostas de pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) em diferentes posições corporais (sentada e deitada) após uma sessão de exercícios de força. A amostra foi composta por 12 homens treinados e saudáveis, 6 sujeitos para o grupo experimental (Exerc) e 6 para o controle (Contr). Primeira visita, o Exerc realizou 10RM no voador peitoral, cadeira extensora, supino reto e leg press. Segunda visita, o Exerc aferiu a PA sentado por 10 minutos. Logo após, executou 4 séries de 10 repetições a 80% de 10RM em cada exercício, com recuperação de 2 min. Ao término do treinamento, permaneceram sentados por 30 min para aferir a PA a cada 10 min. O mesmo procedimento foi feito para o Contr. A mesma estratégia foi utilizada para a posição supina em ambos os grupos. Não houve diferença significativa na PAS e PAD entre Exerc e Contr nas posições sentada e deitada. Concluindo, a posição corporal não influenciou as respostas de PAS e PAD. Contudo, verificou-se discreta redução no Exerc sentado. Dessa forma, são necessários outros estudos utilizando outras variações de exercício, maior número amostral e período de monitorização.Palavras-chave: efeito hipotensivo, frequência cardíaca, pressão arterial, treinamento de força.